The Qualities of a Citizen: Women, Immigration, and Citizenship, 1870-1965

The Qualities of a Citizen traces the application of U.S. immigration and naturalization law to women from the 1870s to the late 1960s. Like no other book before, it explores how racialized, gendered, and historical anxieties shaped our current understandings of the histories of immigrant women. The book takes us from the first federal immigration restrictions against Asian prostitutes in the 1870s to the immigration "reform" measures of the late 1960s. Throughout this period, topics such as morality, family, marriage, poverty, and nationality structured historical debates over women's immigration and citizenship.


At the border, women immigrants, immigration officials, social service providers, and federal judges argued the grounds on which women would be included within the nation. As interview transcripts and court documents reveal, when, where, and how women were welcomed into the country depended on their racial status, their roles in the family, and their work skills. Gender and race mattered.


The book emphasizes the comparative nature of racial ideologies in which the inclusion of one group often came with the exclusion of another. It explores how U.S. officials insisted on the link between race and gender in understanding America's peculiar brand of nationalism. It also serves as a social history of the law, detailing women's experiences and strategies, successes and failures, to belong to the nation.

1110948992
The Qualities of a Citizen: Women, Immigration, and Citizenship, 1870-1965

The Qualities of a Citizen traces the application of U.S. immigration and naturalization law to women from the 1870s to the late 1960s. Like no other book before, it explores how racialized, gendered, and historical anxieties shaped our current understandings of the histories of immigrant women. The book takes us from the first federal immigration restrictions against Asian prostitutes in the 1870s to the immigration "reform" measures of the late 1960s. Throughout this period, topics such as morality, family, marriage, poverty, and nationality structured historical debates over women's immigration and citizenship.


At the border, women immigrants, immigration officials, social service providers, and federal judges argued the grounds on which women would be included within the nation. As interview transcripts and court documents reveal, when, where, and how women were welcomed into the country depended on their racial status, their roles in the family, and their work skills. Gender and race mattered.


The book emphasizes the comparative nature of racial ideologies in which the inclusion of one group often came with the exclusion of another. It explores how U.S. officials insisted on the link between race and gender in understanding America's peculiar brand of nationalism. It also serves as a social history of the law, detailing women's experiences and strategies, successes and failures, to belong to the nation.

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The Qualities of a Citizen: Women, Immigration, and Citizenship, 1870-1965

The Qualities of a Citizen: Women, Immigration, and Citizenship, 1870-1965

by Martha Gardner
The Qualities of a Citizen: Women, Immigration, and Citizenship, 1870-1965

The Qualities of a Citizen: Women, Immigration, and Citizenship, 1870-1965

by Martha Gardner

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Overview

The Qualities of a Citizen traces the application of U.S. immigration and naturalization law to women from the 1870s to the late 1960s. Like no other book before, it explores how racialized, gendered, and historical anxieties shaped our current understandings of the histories of immigrant women. The book takes us from the first federal immigration restrictions against Asian prostitutes in the 1870s to the immigration "reform" measures of the late 1960s. Throughout this period, topics such as morality, family, marriage, poverty, and nationality structured historical debates over women's immigration and citizenship.


At the border, women immigrants, immigration officials, social service providers, and federal judges argued the grounds on which women would be included within the nation. As interview transcripts and court documents reveal, when, where, and how women were welcomed into the country depended on their racial status, their roles in the family, and their work skills. Gender and race mattered.


The book emphasizes the comparative nature of racial ideologies in which the inclusion of one group often came with the exclusion of another. It explores how U.S. officials insisted on the link between race and gender in understanding America's peculiar brand of nationalism. It also serves as a social history of the law, detailing women's experiences and strategies, successes and failures, to belong to the nation.


Product Details

ISBN-13: 9781400826575
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Publication date: 01/10/2009
Sold by: Barnes & Noble
Format: eBook
Pages: 264
File size: 2 MB

About the Author

Martha Gardner is Assistant Professor of History at DePaul University.

Table of Contents

In the Shadow of the Law 1


PART I: Wives, Mothers, and Maids

Chapter One: Immigrants, Citizens, and Marriage 13
Chapter Two: The Limits of Derivative Citizenship 31
Chapter Three: Seeing Difference 50
Chapter Four: Constructing a Moral Border 73
Chapter Five: Likely to Become 87
Chapter Six: Toil and Trouble 100


PART II: Citizens, Residents, and Non-Americans

Chapter Seven: When Americans Are Not Citizens 121
Chapter Eight: When Citizens Are Not White 139
Chapter Nine: Reproducing the Nation 157
Chapter Ten: Women in Need 176
Chapter Eleven: At Work in the Nation 199


PART III: Marriage, Family, and the Law

Chapter Twelve: Families, Made in America 223
Chapter Thirteen: Marriage and Morality 240
Conclusion: Regulating Belonging 254
A Brief Guide to Archival Sources 257
Acknowledgments 261
Index 263

What People are Saying About This

Sarah Deutsch

The Qualities of a Citizen offers important new insights regarding the historical construction of national identity and contributes to the burgeoning field of border studies. It offers a useful and important contribution to the literatures of immigration history and women's history.
Sarah Deutsch, Duke University

From the Publisher

"This book fills a huge gap in the scholarly literature. Not only is the subject an important one, but the research base is excellent. Gardner wisely decided to work directly with immigration files—a surprisingly little used, and wonderfully rich, group of historical sources—and to include both East and West Coast immigrants. The Qualities of a Citizen will appeal to scholars across the humanities, social sciences, and legal fields, as well as to the general reader."—Peggy Pascoe, University of Oregon

"The Qualities of a Citizen offers important new insights regarding the historical construction of national identity and contributes to the burgeoning field of border studies. It offers a useful and important contribution to the literatures of immigration history and women's history."—Sarah Deutsch, Duke University

Peggy Pascoe

This book fills a huge gap in the scholarly literature. Not only is the subject an important one, but the research base is excellent. Gardner wisely decided to work directly with immigration files—a surprisingly little used, and wonderfully rich, group of historical sources—and to include both East and West Coast immigrants. The Qualities of a Citizen will appeal to scholars across the humanities, social sciences, and legal fields, as well as to the general reader.
Peggy Pascoe, University of Oregon

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