The Structure of Schooling: Readings in the Sociology of Education / Edition 2

by Richard Arum, Irenee Beattie, Karly Ford

Overview

This second edition of The Structure of Schooling: Readings in the Sociology of Education draws from classic and contemporary scholarship to examine current issues and diverse theoretical approaches to studying the effects of schooling on individuals and society. This engaging reader exposes students to examples of sociological research on schools with a focus on the school as community. It covers a wide range of issues, including the development and application of social and cultural capital; the effects of racial segregation and resource inequality on student outcomes; the effects of tracking; the roles of gender, class, and race in structuring educational opportunity; the effects of schooling on life course outcomes; the significance of a school's institutional environment; and the sociology of school reform movements.

Key Features

Illustrates the fundamental ideas and insights developed by past and current research in the sociology of education

Reflects mainstream sociological concerns through a broad range of accessible and engaging readings

Identifies relationships between schools and communities and schools and student behavior

Investigates relevant school-level practices and significant individual-level outcomes associated with variation in schooling, including student behavior, delinquency, and crime

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781412980395
Publisher:	SAGE Publications
Publication date:	05/13/2010
Edition description:	Second Edition
Pages:	640
Product dimensions:	7.40(w) x 9.00(h) x 1.50(d)

About the Author

Irenee Beattie is an Assistant Professor with the School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts at the University of California at Merced. Her research interests include Sociology of Education, Racial/Ethnic and Gender Inequality, Law and Social Policy, Adolescent Transitions to Adulthood and she is the co-editor, with Richard Arum, of The Structure of Schooling: Readings in the Sociology of Education.

Richard Arum is the program director of Educational Research at the SSRC; he is also professor of sociology and educational sociology at New York University. He received a Masters of Education in teaching and curriculum from Harvard University in 1988 and a Ph.D. in sociology from the University of California, Berkeley in 1996.
Arum's recent publications include Stratification in Higher Education: A Comparative Study (Stanford University Press, 2007), coedited with Yossi Shavit and Adam Gamoran. The Reemergence of Self-Employment: A Comparative Study of Self-Employment Dynamics and Social Inequality (Princeton University Press, 2004), coedited with Walter Mueller. Judging School Discipline: The Crisis of Moral Authority (Harvard University Press, 2003) with Irenee Beattie, Richard Pitt, Jennifer Thompson and Sandra Way. The Structure of Schooling: Readings in the Sociology of Education (McGraw Hill, 2000), coedited with Irenee Beattie.

Table of Contents

Preface ix

Acknowledgments x

Introduction xi

I Theoretical and Historical Perspectives 1

A Status Attainment and Social Mobility

1 The "Rationalization" of Education and Training Max Weber 4

2 Social and Cultural Mobility Pitirim Sorokin 7

3 Sponsored and Contest Mobility and the School System Ralph H. Turner 11

4 Status Attainment Processes Archibald O. Haller Alejandro Portes 23

B Human Capital, Cultural Capital, and Social Capital

5 Human Capital Gary S. Becker 32

6 Cultural Capital: Allusions, Gaps, and Glissandos in Recent Theoretical Developments Michèle Lamont Annette Lareau 34

7 Schools, Families, and Communities James Coleman Thomas Hoffer 50

C Chancing Theories of Education Systems

8 The First Element of Morality: The Spirit of Discipline Émile Durkheim 59

9 The School and the Community Willard Waller 67

10 Functional and Conflict Theories of Educational Stratification Randall Collins 74

11 Beyond the Educational Frontier: The Great American Dream Freeze Samuel Bowles Herbert Gintis 91

Part I Discussion Questions 100

II Stratification within and between Schools 101

A School Cultures

12 The Chosen Ones Peter Cookson Caroline Hodges Persell 105

13 Trust in Schools: A Core Resource for School Reform Anthony S. Bryk Barbara Schneider 114

B Racial Segregation and Resource Inequality

14 Equality of Educational Opportunity: The Coleman Report James Coleman Ernest Campbell Carol Hobson James McPartland Alexander Mood Frederic Weinfeld Robert York 120

15 The Effects of High Schools on Their Students Christopher S. Jencks Marsha D. Brown 137

16 Brown at 50: King's Dream or Plessy's Nightmare? Gary Orfield Chungmei Lee 165

17 The Nature of Schooling Doris R. Entwisle Karl L. Alexander Linda Olson 178

C Tracking

18 Tracking: From Theory to Practice Maureen Hallinan 188

19 Is Ability Grouping Equitable? Adam Gamoran 193

20 The Distribution of Knowledge Jeannie Oakes 199

Part II Discussion Questions 208

III Class, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Sexuality 209

A Class

21 Persisting Barriers: Changes in Educational Opportunities in Thirteen Countries Hans-Peter Blossfeld Yossi Shavit 214

22 Elements of a Culture Paul Willis 228

23 Invisible Inequality: Social Class and Childrearing in Black Families and White Families Annette Lareau 243

24 Exceptions to the Rule: Upwardly Mobile White and Mexican American High School Girls Julie Bettie 264

B Race and Ethnicity

25 Black Students' School Success: Coping With the "Burden of 'Acting White'" Signithia Fordham John U. Ogbu 274

26 It's Not "a Black Thing": Understanding the Burden of Acting White and Other Dilemmas of High Achievement Karolyn Tyson Domini R. Castellino William Darity 281

27 Straddling Boundaries: Identity, Culture, and School Prudence L. Carter 295

28 America's Next Achievement Test: Closing the Black-White Test Score Gap Christopher Jencks Meredith Phillips 313

29 Race in the Schoolyard: Negotiating the Color Line in Classrooms and Communities Amanda Lewis 320

30 Shades of White: White Kids and Racial Identity in High Schools Pamela Perry 338

31 The New Second Generation: Segmented Assimilation and Its Variants Alejandro Portes Min Zhou 355

C Gender and Sexuality

32 Boys and Girls Together … But Mostly Apart Barrie Thorne 363

33 Teaching and "Women's Work": A Comparative and Historical Analysis Michael Apple 371

34 Rewriting Race and Gender High School Lessons: Second-Generation Dominicans in New York City Nancy López 382

35 "Dude, You're a Fag": Adolescent Masculinity and the Fag Discourse C. J. Pascoe 391

Part III Discussion Questions 400

IV Student Behavior and Adolescent Subcultures 401

36 The Adolescent Culture James Coleman 403

37 Resistance as a Social Drama: A Study of Change-Oriented Encounters Daniel A. McFarland 416

38 Testing the Theory: Rampage-The Social Roots of School Shootings Katherine Newman 430

39 Hooking Up: Sex, Dating, and Relationships on Campus Kathleen Bogle 443

40 College Life Through the Eyes of Students Mary Grigsby 464

Part IV Discussion Questions 480

V The Organizational Environment 481

A The Cultural and Institutional Environment

41 Do Employers Really Need More Educated Youth? James E. Rosenbaum Amy Binder 484

42 The Effects of Education as an Institution John W. Meyer 494

43 Community Colleges and the American Social Order Stephen Brint Jerome Karabel 510

44 An Institutional Perspective on Schools John Chubb Terry Moe 520

45 Judging School Discipline: A Crisis of Moral Authority Richard Arum 533

46 Creating a Class: College Admissions and the Education of Elites Mitchell Stevens 559

B Education Policy and School Reform

47 English-Only Triumphs, But the Costs Are High Alejandro Portes 567

48 Charter Schools and the Public Good Linda A. Renzulli Vincent J. Roscigno 572

49 Contentious Curricula: Afrocentrism and Creationism in American Public Schools Amy Binder 579

50 Education Research That Matters: Influence, Scientific Rigor, and Policy Making Pamela Barnhouse Walters Annette Lareau 600

Part V Discussion Questions 619

Editorial Reviews

"The book covers both expected and unexpected topis within the field of education. Whilst addressing well-trodden areas such as "stratification" and "racial inequality," the book also veers off the "beaten track," including, for instance, papers on the "Trust in school" (Chapter 13), "The social roots of school shootings" (Chapter 38), and "Sex dating and relationships on campus" (Chapter 39)."

Educational Research and Evaluation - Amanda Simon

"The book covers both expected and unexpected topis within the field of education. Whilst addressing well-trodden areas such as "stratification" and "racial inequality," the book also veers off the "beaten track," including, for instance, papers on the "Trust in school" (Chapter 13), "The social roots of school shootings" (Chapter 38), and "Sex dating and relationships on campus" (Chapter 39). "— Amanda Simon

Educational Research and Evaluation

In The Structure Of Schooling, Richard Arum and Irenee Beattie successfully collaborate to compile a comprehensive reader in the sociology of education surveying critical topics and examples of sociological research on schools and education from both classic and contemporary scholarship. The issues surveyed include the development and application of social and cultural capital; the effects of racial segregation and resource inequality; the effects of tracking; the role of gender, class, and race in structuring educational opportunity; the effects of schooling on lifecourse outcomes; the significance of a school's institutional environment; and the sociology of school reform movements. The Structure Of Schooling is a highly recommended addition to the sociology of education reading lists and reference collections.