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More About This Textbook
Overview
Available for the first time in English language translation, the third volume of Totalitarianism and Political Religions completes the set. It provides a comprehensive overview of key theories and theorists of totalitarianism and of political religions, from Hannah Arendt and Raymond Aron to Leo Strauss and Simone Weill. Edited by the eminent Professor Hans Maier, it represents a major study, examining how new models for understanding political history arose from the experience of modern despotic regimes.
Where volumes one and two were concerned with questioning the common elements between twentieth century despotic regimes - Communism, Fascism, National Socialism, Maoism – this volume draws a general balance. It brings together the findings of research undertaken during the decade 1992-2002 with the cooperation of leading philosophers, historians and social scientists for the Institute of Philosophy at the University of Munich.
Following the demise of Italian Fascism (1943-45), German National Socialism (1945) and Soviet Communism (1989-91), a comparative approach to the three regimes is possible. A broad field of interpretation of the entire phenomenon of totalitarian and political religions opens up. This comprehensive study examines a vast topic which affects the political and historical landscape over the whole of the last century. Moreover, dictatorships and their motivations are still present in current affairs, today in the twenty-first century. The three volumes of Totalitarianism and Political Religions are a vital resource for scholars of fascism, Nazism, communism, totalitarianism, comparative politics and political theory.
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Meet the Author
Hans Maier, born in 1931 in Freiburg im Breisgau, is Professor Emeritus in Political Science and the Theory of Religion at the University of Munich. He was the Bavarian Minister of Culture and Science from 1970 to 1986 and President of the Central Committee of German Catholics from 1976 to 1986. Major publications include Revolution und Kirche (1959), in English, Revolution and Church: The Early History of Christian Democracy, 1789-1901 (1969). Also Die ältere deutsch Staats- und Verwaltungslehre (1966), Die christliche Zeitrechnung (1991); Politische Religionen (1995); Welt ohne Christentum - was wäre anders? (1999) and Das Doppelgesicht des Religiösen: Religion – Gewalt – Politik (2004). This is the second volume of the three volume set on Totalitarianism and Political Religions.
Table of Contents
Notes on contributors ix
Foreword xi
Introduction 1
On the interpretation of totalitarian rule 1919-89 Hans Maier 3
The classical understanding 23
The classical understanding: tyranny and despotism Hella Mandt 25
The new approaches 101
Early uses of the concept 'political religion': Campanella, Clasen and Wieland Hans Otto Seitschek 103
The thinkers of the total: Ernst Junger, Carl Schmitt and Erich Ludendorff Michael Schafer 114
The interpretation of totalitarianism as religion Hans Otto Seitschek 121
Eschatological interpretations: Vondung, Talmon Hans Otto Seitschek 164
Supplementary approaches: Leo Strauss and Hannah Arendt Katrin Mey 176
On the concept and theory of political religions 195
Political religion - state religion - civil religion - political theology: distinguishing four key terms Hans Maier 197
On the instrumentalisation of religion in modern systems of rule Karl-Josef Schipperges 202
Excursis: Eric Voegelin's voncept of 'gnosis' Hans Otto Seitschek 214
Fascism and non-democratic regimes 223
Fascism and non-democratic regimes Juan J. Linz 225
Interpreters of totalitarianism 293
Interpreters of totalitarianism: a lexicographical survey 295
Bibliography 356
Index 400