Transact-SQL Cookbook: Help for Database Programmers

by Ales Spetic, Jonathan Gennick

Overview

This unique cookbook contains a wealth of solutions to problems that SQL programmers face all the time. The recipes inside range from how to perform simple tasks, like importing external data, to ways of handling issues that are more complicated, like set algebra. Authors Ales Spetic and Jonathan Gennick, two authorities with extensive database and SQL programming experience, include a discussion with each recipe to explain the logic and concepts underlying the solution. SQL (Structured Query Language) is the closest thing to a standard query language that currently exists, and Transact-SQL — a full-featured programming language that dramatically extends the power of SQL — is the procedural language of choice for both Microsoft SQL Server and Sybase SQL Server systems. The Transact-SQL Cookbook is designed so you can use the recipes directly, as a source of ideas, or as a way to learn a little more about SQL and what you can do with it. Topics covered include:

• Audit logging. In addition to recipes for implementing an audit log, this chapter also includes recipes for: improving performance where large log tables are involved; supporting multiple-languages; and simulating server push.
• Hierarchies. Recipes show you how to manipulate hierarchical data using Transact-SQL.
• Importing data. This chapter introduces concepts like normalization and recipes useful for working with imported data tables.
• Sets. Recipes demonstrate different operations, such as how to find common elements, summarize the data in a set, and find the element in a set that represents an extreme.
• Statistics. This chapter's recipes show you how to effectively use SQL for common statistical operations from means and standard deviations to weighted moving averages.
• Temporal data. Recipes demonstrate how to construct queries against time-based data.
• Data Structures. This chapter shows how to manipulate data structures like stacks, queues, matrices, and arrays.

With an abundance of recipes to help you get your job done more efficiently, the Transact-SQL Cookbook is sure to become an essential part of your library.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781565927568
Publisher:	O'Reilly Media, Incorporated
Publication date:	03/21/2002
Pages:	302
Product dimensions:	7.00(w) x 9.19(h) x 0.68(d)

About the Author

Ales Spetic, an independent consultant specializing in the design and implementation of financial applications, has been programming in SQL for the past six years. He has a MBA California State University, Hayward.

Jonathan Gennick is an O'Reilly & Associates editor specializing in database and programming titles. Prior to joining O'Reilly, Jonathan amassed some 17 years of programming and database management experience. During the latter part of his career he specialized in relational database programming, and more recently in database management. Jonathan got his start with relational database systems in 1990, first working with Ingres, and later with Digital's Rdb software. During that period he developed a fondness for SQL, and for the challenge of applying SQL creatively in ways that leveraged it's set-oriented capabilities. In 1994 Jonathan made the leap to Oracle, and is now often found writing about it. Recent projects include Oracle SQL*Loader (O'Reilly & Associates, 2001); Oracle SQL*Plus Pocket Reference (O'Reilly & Associates, 2000); Oracle SQL*Plus: The Definitive Guide (O'Reilly & Associates, 1999); More recently, Jonathan has made forays into other database products, coauthoring Transact-SQL Cookbook (O'Reilly & Associates, 2002) and editing Practical PostgreSQL (O'Reilly & Associates, 2002). Jonathan is certified as an Oracle DBA and is a member of MENSA and the Oracle Technology Network. He holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Information and Computer Science, with a Business Administration minor, from Andrews Universityin Berrien Springs, Michigan. Jonathan currently resides in Munising, Michigan with his wife Donna and their two children: Jenny and Jeff. Jonathan may be contacted by email at [e-mail], and you can learn more about him personally by visiting his website at http://gennick.com.

Table of Contents

Dedication; Preface; Why We Wrote This Book; Audience for This Book; Which Platform and Version?; Structure of This Book; Conventions Used in This Book; About the Code; Comments and Questions; Acknowledgments; Chapter 1: Pivot Tables; 1.1 Using a Pivot Table; Chapter 2: Sets; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 The Students Example; 2.3 Implementing Set Difference; 2.4 Comparing Two Sets for Equality; 2.5 Implementing Partial Intersection; 2.6 Implementing Full Intersection; 2.7 Classifying Subsets; 2.8 Summarizing Classes of Sets; 2.9 Aggregating Aggregates; 2.10 Summarizing Aggregated Classes; 2.11 Including Nonaggregated Columns; 2.12 Finding the Top N Values in a Set; 2.13 Reporting the Size of a Set's Complement; 2.14 Finding the Complement of a Set; 2.15 Finding the Complement of a Missing Set; 2.16 Finding Complements of Sets with Different Universes; 2.17 Comparing a Set with Its Universe; 2.18 Dynamic Classification System; Chapter 3: Data Structures; 3.1 Types of Data Structures; 3.2 Working Example; 3.3 Finding Regions; 3.4 Reporting Region Boundaries; 3.5 Limiting Region Size; 3.6 Ranking Regions by Size; 3.7 Working with Sequences; 3.8 Working with Runs; 3.9 Cumulative Aggregates in Lists; 3.10 Implementing a Stack; 3.11 Implementing Queues; 3.12 Implementing Priority Queues; 3.13 Comparing Two Rows in an Array; 3.14 Printing Matrices and Arrays; 3.15 Transposing a Matrix; 3.16 Calculating a Matrix Trace; 3.17 Comparing Two Matrices for Size; 3.18 Adding and Subtracting Matrices; 3.19 Multiplying Matrices; Chapter 4: Hierarchies in SQL; 4.1 Types of Hierarchies; 4.2 Creating a Permission Hierarchy; 4.3 Changing Individual Permissions; 4.4 Adding New Individual Permissions; 4.5 Centralizing Authorization Logic; 4.6 Implementing General Hierarchies; 4.7 Traversing Hierarchies Recursively; 4.8 Manipulating Hierarchies Recursively; 4.9 Aggregating Hierarchies; 4.10 Preparing Multilevel Operations; 4.11 Aggregating Hierarchies Revised; Chapter 5: Temporal Data; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 The Schedules Example; 5.3 Enforcing Granularity Rules; 5.4 Storing Out-of-Range Temporal Values; 5.5 Deriving the First and Last Dates of the Month; 5.6 Printing Calendars; 5.7 Calculating Durations; 5.8 Reporting Durations; 5.9 Querying Periods; 5.10 Querying Periods and Respecting Granularity; 5.11 Finding Available Periods; 5.12 Finding Common Available Periods; 5.13 Excluding Recurrent Events; 5.14 Excluding Nonrecurring Events; 5.15 Finding Continuous Periods; 5.16 Using Calendar Information with Periods; 5.17 Using Calendar Information with Durations; Chapter 6: Audit Logging; 6.1 Audit Logs; 6.2 The Warehouse Example; 6.3 Row-Level Logging; 6.4 Reporting Log Events; 6.5 Generating Current Snapshots; 6.6 Generating Time-Restricted Snapshots; 6.7 Undoing Table Changes; 6.8 Minimizing Audit-Log Space Consumption; 6.9 Online Account Balancing; 6.10 Activity-Level Logging; 6.11 Partitioning Large Log Tables; 6.12 Server Push; Chapter 7: Importing and Transforming Data; 7.1 Considerations When Importing Data; 7.2 Working Examples; 7.3 Importing External Data; 7.4 Importing Data into a Live System; 7.5 Importing with a Single Procedure; 7.6 Hiding the Import Procedure; 7.7 Folding Tables; 7.8 Pivoting Tables; 7.9 Joining Arrays with Tables; 7.10 Joining Arrays with Master Tables; 7.11 Joining Arrays with Multiple Master Records; 7.12 Extracting Master Records from Tables; 7.13 Generating Master Records Online; 7.14 Working with Duplicates; Chapter 8: Statistics in SQL; 8.1 Statistical Concepts; 8.2 The Light-Bulb Factory Example; 8.3 Calculating a Mean; 8.4 Calculating a Mode; 8.5 Calculating a Median; 8.6 Calculating Standard Deviation, Variance, and Standard Error; 8.7 Building Confidence Intervals; 8.8 Calculating Correlation; 8.9 Exploring Patterns with Autocorrelation; 8.10 Using a Simple Moving Average; 8.11 Extending Moving Averages; Appendix A: The T-Distribution Table; Colophon;