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5th Anniversary - Updated & Expanded Edition
With Foreword by FRANCIS CHAN
Ever Wonder What it Would Be Like to Live Homeless?
Mike Yankoski did more than just wonder. By his own choice, Mike's life went from upper-middle class plush to scum-of-the-earth repulsive overnight. With only a backpack, a sleeping bag and a guitar, Mike and his traveling companion, Sam, set out to experience life on the streets in six different cities—from Washington D.C. to San Diego— and they put themselves to the test.
For more than five months the pair experienced firsthand the extreme pains of hunger, the constant uncertainty and danger of living on the streets, exhaustion, depression, and social rejection—and all of this by their own choice. They wanted to find out if their faith was real, if they could actually be the Christians they said they were apart from the comforts they’d always known…to discover first hand what it means to be homeless in America.
Mike and Sam's story is gritty, challenging, and utterly captivating. What you encounter in these pages will radically alter how you see your world—and may even change your life.
This updated and expanded edition contains added stories, an interview with the author, a “five years after” bonus chapter, and a new foreword from Francis Chan
From the Trade Paperback edition.
FOREWORD TO THE UPDATED AND EXPANDED EDITION
by Francis Chan
I would like to write a few words about Mike Yankoski, and then I’ll give some thoughts about his book. . . I am a very
skeptical person, and I struggle with cynicism. Like most people, I have heard so many lies that now I have a hard time trusting. I even struggle when reading a good book, because in the back of my mind I’m wondering if the person who wrote it is for real.
So what is it about Mike that inclines me to trust him? The sacrifices he has made.
Sacrifice promotes believability.
The apostle Paul defended his ministry in 2 Corinthians 11 with a list of hardships he endured. It was his suffering for the sake of the gospel that gave credence to his message. Paul showed that he genuinely believed what he taught. Why else would he suffer as he did? His argument in 1 Corinthians 15 is similar as he explains the foolishness of his lifestyle if the gospel isn’t true.
While there are many who say they live for eternity, Mike and his wife, Danae, are among the few I actually believe. Their actions have shown me that I can trust them. You can too.
Now about the book. . .
I was warned when entering seminary that if I was not careful, a dangerous habit could form: I could learn to read
the Bible and do nothing in response. I still remember our seminary president warning us that study to the neglect of
action becomes easier and easier with each occurrence. We should be terrified if we have mastered the art of becoming convicted and doing nothing in response. Don’t read Mike’s book if you’re not willing to change your attitude and actions toward the homeless.
As a person who considers himself sensitive to the needs of the rejected in our country, I learned from this book that I still have a ways to go. I look forward to seeing the changes God will bring about in my life because of it.
Mike shows much grace in pointing out weaknesses our churches may have in caring for the poor. It is embarrassing
to admit, but I have often struggled with pride when encountering the homeless. I can’t say that I usually see them as having equal worth with me, much less consider them as “better” than myself (Philippians 2:3). Like many, I have found myself at times working to avoid rather than seeking to engage.
Far from condemning, this book actually causes me to look forward to my next encounter with those living on the
streets. I believe it will do the same for you. As I followed Mike’s journey and tried to put myself in his shoes, it caused me to love Jesus more. As I thought of what a struggle it would be for me to leave my comforts, it stirred a greater adoration toward my Savior, who emptied Himself to dwell with us.
This is how we know what love is: Jesus Christ laid
down his life for us. And we ought to lay down our
lives for our brothers. If anyone has material possessions
and sees his brother in need but has no pity on
him, how can the love of God be in him? Dear children,
let us not love with words or tongue but with
actions and in truth. (1 John 3:16–18)
I pray that the story of Mike and Sam’s five-month journey causes you to eagerly anticipate your next encounter with a homeless man or woman, created in the image of God. —FRANCIS CHAN
From the Trade Paperback edition.
| Foreword | 7 | |
| Note to the Reader | 9 | |
| Section 1 | Twenty Minutes Past the World | 11 |
| Payback | ||
| A Flicker of Lightning | ||
| Why Would You Want to Do That? | ||
| The Counsel of Friends | ||
| Enter Sam | ||
| Traveling Papers | ||
| Invitation to the Journey | ||
| Section 2 | Denver | 25 |
| A Long Way from Home | ||
| Cold Turkey | ||
| The Breakfast Club | ||
| Hell Fire | ||
| Exit to Street Level | ||
| Section 3 | Washington, D.C. | 55 |
| The World Is Changed | ||
| You Like Chicken Parmesan? | ||
| Most Important Meal of the Day | ||
| A Song for Pamela | ||
| We Have a Policy | ||
| Cowbell Door Chime | ||
| Like a Child | ||
| Seed Money | ||
| Photo Op | ||
| Section 4 | Portland | 95 |
| The Idea of Comfort | ||
| Worship Under a Bridge | ||
| Sugar Man's Gospel | ||
| Body Basics | ||
| Church Lock Down | ||
| The Stupid, Small Things | ||
| Section 5 | San Francisco | 121 |
| In the Presence of My Enemies | ||
| Bed for the Night | ||
| Wake-Up Call | ||
| You Just Know It's Dark in There | ||
| The Other Jesus Guy | ||
| The Grace of Pizza | ||
| Bloody Sandals | ||
| Berkeley Booh Yah | ||
| Section 6 | Phoenix | 157 |
| We Don't Go to Church | ||
| Return to Forgiveness | ||
| Fix or Fish Sandwich? | ||
| On Begging | ||
| Road Rash Carnival | ||
| Section 7 | San Diego | 181 |
| Shuffling Home | ||
| Old Yellers | ||
| Circle of Light | ||
| Freedom Rings | ||
| Ashes and Snow | ||
| Section 8 | Coming Back to Normal | 209 |
| Wanting More (and More) | ||
| Street Visitor | ||
| Now What? | ||
| The Risk of Your Life | ||
| Acknowledgments | 222 |
In this book, 2 upper middle class young men decide to be homeless because they feel as if they are called by God to do so. This book tells of their experiences on the street. When I picked up this book, I was like many other people who just walk by homeless people and don't give them much thought. However, this book showed me that God is calling all of us to help others. There are so many people in need on the street and we must be their voices. I really feel like this book will change my life. I know God is calling me for a special purpose, just like he called these men.
2 out of 2 people found this review helpful.
Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.Anonymous
Posted August 9, 2006
to walk a mile in another man's shoes....well Mike does that and paints a gripping picture. I can't tell you what all this book did for me. It really makes you step back and see yourself in another light. Amazing Book!!
2 out of 2 people found this review helpful.
Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.Anonymous
Posted September 1, 2005
Just picked up a book at Mardel's called Under the Overpass by Mike Yankoski, 'A Journey of Faith on the streets of america'. It's about a guy that after hearing a sermon on 'Being the Christian you say you are', decided to spend 5 months on the streets as a transient in order to: 1. Better understand the life of the homeless in America and to see firsthand how the church is responding to their needs. 2. Encourage others to 'live out loud' for Christ in whatever ways God is asking them to. 3. learn personally what it means to depend on Christ for my daily physical needs, and experience contentment and confidence in Him. Very very good. Pick up a copy or you can borrow mine if you want. Here's a quote: 'If we are the body of Christ--and Christ came not for the healthy but the sick--we need to be fully present in the places where people are most broken.' 'we all of God's children are beggars at the foot of the Cross, broken people, in need of mending.' and when he's talking about playing music for money and everyone walked by with out giving any... he got mad at first, but then he remembered reading 'We are all equally priviledged but unentitled beggars at the door of God's mercy.' (Brennan Manning) so then 'realized how unentitled I really was. No one deserves mercy. And no one walking by owed us a dime. Mercy is, by definition, undeserved, or else it isn't mercy.' OH YEAH.! GET it! REad it! It will change your life! Be sure and underline things that stand out to you!
1 out of 1 people found this review helpful.
Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.julie37619
Posted January 16, 2012
As a college student, Mike Yankoski hadn't had much of a chance to put his faith in God to the test. Compared to many others in the world, he had lived a life of relative ease. So when the opportunity arose - a semester off of college - he teamed up with another college student, Sam, to put their faith into action. They wanted to find out what it was like to be homeless in America. They planned a six month period of time, during which they would experience homelessness in six different US cities. They took only thrift store puchased sleeping bags, one change of clothes, and their guitars. To travel from city to city they panhandled and they lived only off of the money they earned pan handling and from shelters and food kitchens.
Writing
I'd describe this as well-written light non-fiction. Because it's really a memoir, there isn't a lot of fact presentation or research that needs to accompany it. It's written in an accessible way that I think makes the book appealing to a variety of people, including teens and possibly even middle graders. At times simplistic, I think the writing really accomplished what the author wanted: to make his story available to a wide variety of readers.
Entertainment Value
I was pulled in from the first chapter. The story of what Yankoski goes through as a homeless person is moving and intriguing on its own, but what really made me love it was the spiritual insight. A major criticism of modern Christianity is that Christians do not do enough to help those in need. Yankoski's experiences show both sides of this: some Christians are generous and some reject the men based on their appearance. And this need for acceptance and generosity from the Christian community aren't the only spiritual insights gleaned from the book. Many passages challenged me on a personal level in various aspects of my life, including my attitude towards the poor.
Overall
I highly recommend giving this one a try. It is a work of Christian non-fiction, so be aware that it's going to be coming from that point of view, but I think this one could also appeal to non-believers. Yankoski doesn't preach and the book doesn't require that readers agree with Yankoski's religious beliefs, although they do play a large role in the book. It's also a very accessible book and will appeal to a wide range of reading styles, abilities, and ages.
Anonymous
Posted December 26, 2011
You will never see the homeless again the way you once did. This is a hard read for your heart but an amazing story of courage and what it means to " walk the walk." Required reading for humanity!
Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.9510522
Posted August 2, 2011
I had to read this book for school and wasnt excited about it. I loved it. It was so amazing ill probably read it again sometime
Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.If you are looking for a book that will change your life, if you allow it to, you need to check this book out now. I am not the same person that I was when I began reading this book. The text is something that anyone can take and use in their daily walk.
Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.Patchpiper
Posted May 21, 2011
I Loved this book...very well written and I could not put it down...really shows how much we need to work on giving to others and to realize that we need to live life the way God says and not what the church or others say we should live...I feel terrible about how the churches treated these two guys and others. Makes me want to do more in the world than what little I have been doing..TP
Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.DomingoRogersDotCom
Posted April 9, 2011
This is a great book and one that I highly recommend that you add to your library for life. It will be a book that you keep coming back to you to remind you how blessed we are to live in the United States. If you walk away from this book without feeling challenged to help those in need, whether on the street or not, my heart is truly sorry for you.
For my full review please go to domingorogers dot com and search "Under the Overpass"
This book takes very little time to get into and is a quick read. I felt like I was along for the experience and was surprised, no appalled, to hear how many churches treated less desirable people in our community.
Under the Overpass is great eye-opener and would be a great intro for groups heading out on mission trips to help the less fortunate and for those that need a wake-up call.
Loved it.
DCEmatt
Posted March 9, 2011
During my time reading Under the Overpass, I ran into several friends who had read the book previously, were reading it now, or had seen it a considered checking it out. I was elated to know that several of them had read it. I coveted the time to converse about it with those reading it. I prodded those who had not read it to DO SO NOW!
What's the reason, you might ask. Well, I was engaged, intrigued and convicted by this book. Basically, I really, really liked it! I was able to travel alongside Mike (the author) and Sam (his traveling buddy) as they leave their comfortable, middle-class lifestyles and live on the streets of six, large American cities. They journaled during their time and Mike shares that account in a straight-forward manner. You get to meet those they encountered. You will feel their pain as they panhandle, with no luck, for the third day straight. You will start to smell the stench and imagine the grime during this epic adventure to see how many Americans live daily. You will be surprised at the reaction of many Christians. You will be stunned to know that it was not the Christians who stepped up and helped "the least of these." Throughout it all, Mike and Sam learn more about God, His Provision and the meaning of love and compassion. Mike and Sam came away from the experience changed.and I came away from reading the book changed.
ThomasRFellerJr
Posted February 26, 2011
Under the Overpass is the story of two college guys who voluntarily decide to live on the streets as homeless men for five months. They spend between 3-4 weeks each in six different cities so they can experience what it is like to be homeless: Denver, Washington, DC., Portland, San Francisco, Phoenix, and San Diego.
The book itself is an enjoyable read and offers what I can only assume to be an accurate portrayal of life on the streets. My biggest complaint is that the book was edited to keep out "common street lingo" (as the "Note to the Reader" refers to it). The authors write, "Vulgarities and crude insults become part of everyday conversation, even between friends. But out of respect for our readers and the standards of this publisher, this element of street life is not present in the pages you're about to read." My question is, "Why not?" I'm not suggesting that they litter the book with F-bombs and other inappropriate language, but why shy away from the truth? There could certainly be ways to use blanks or abbreviations if they wanted to stay away from the actual words. It's like trying to act out the story of Jesus but never assigning someone to play Judas. Sometimes life is ugly and we do an injustice when we display it any other way.
Yankoski does make some great points throughout the book which should make the reader seriously reflect and contemplate how they treat others who are made in the image of Christ.
I particularly appreciated Yankosi's honesty as he reflected on his own struggles in what he experienced during his time on the streets, particularly his realization that he "wanted to live in plenty but remember the sharp lessons of living in want." (p. 209)
Overall, I'll give the book 4 out of 5 stars. Definitely worth the read.
I received this book free from Multnomah Publishers as part of their Blogger Review Program. I was not required to write a positive review. The opinions I have expressed are my own. I am disclosing this in accordance with the Federal Trade Commision's 16 CFR, Part 255: "Guides Concerning the Use of Endorsements and Testimonials in Advertising."
I generally salivate at the prospect of reading real-life adventure stories where the authors take me the reader along as they scale mountains or bear harsh weather or travel the world by foot. The honesty and adventure promised by Mike Yankoski in *Under the Overpass* is what first drew me to this book, his first-hand account of purposeful homelessness for the sake of bringing the Gospel of Christ to the lost and downtrodden of American streets. I drew from this book, however, far more than simple adventure stories, and more even than personal Christian witness. As I read through *Overpass*, I got the sense that Yankoski sought not only to reach the lost with the good news of Christ, but also to understand their perspectives.
As a teacher and writer, I understand more than many the importance of knowing one's audience before addressing them, and it became obvious to me that Yankoski has taken this principle to a very much-needed extreme. As Johnny Cash once sang: "It's hard to feed someone else when you're hungry; and don't try to teach when you don't understand." By joining the homeless in their mire, Mike Yankoski was then able to eventually bring his readers to that same level of understanding the poor of which Christ and the apostles spoke extensively.
Beyond providing this necessary viewpoint, though, Yankoski has also supplied the American church the unique opportunity to see how the poor of our streets view the American church: and oftentimes that is through very dismal, understandably antagonistic eyes. *Under the Overpass* is convicting read, one that challenges a believer's comfortable living and skin-deep faith.
[Note: I received this book for free from WaterBrook Multnomah Publishing Group for this review]
© 2011 E.T.
kellkri
Posted February 6, 2011
I recently read the book "Under the Overpass" by Mike Yanoski, which was given to me free of charge by "Blogging For Books", but please be aware all opinions are completely mine! This book details the journey of two men as they leave their lives of privilege and decide to jump into the world of being homeless. They spend 5 months traveling around the country from Denver to D.C. to California. They take with them only a guitar with which to panhandle with, and a $3 sleeping bag purchased from a thrift store before they leave on their journey.
I found this book to be a very good read, and captured my attention from their very beginning. I found Mike's insights often to include questions that were inside my head that I was wondering how he felt about things, and he really was able to open the eyes of the reader. One of the questions he answered in this book was should we give money to the homeless, and while I will not give away his answer I found it to be very thought provoking and is certainly a question I deal with as a Christian. I would recommend this book to anyone who would like to understand th ins and outs of the homeless world, or who have no idea what is about and are just curious. Though the book is over 200 pages it felt like it was only 70, it was a quick read and holds your attention till the very end!
Calvin_OConnor
Posted January 29, 2011
Summary: Two college boys (Mike and Sam), in search of what it meant to live in Christ, decided to experience life on the streets for 5 months in 6 different cities. The book is a summary of their experiences, of what they learned, and how they grew as lovers of Christ.
I had some disappointments with this book, but also some big delights, here they are.
Why I really appreciated this book:
1. The descriptions of homeless life in America as seen through the author's eyes and the personal stories of real individuals struggling on the streets.
2. The author's passion to help people who are usually avoided by those with higher status.
3. The author manifested his trust in God, showing how he used the Bible to maintain and grow his trust in God in difficult situations. Really cool!
4. Very challenging. Put your trust in God and show the love of God in hard places to hurting people. He challenges the church to live and love radically, the way we were always meant to live and love.
5. Near the end the author shows us what comes first: our love for God. And says this should be our motivation to love others. Because God loved us in Jesus Christ (even to death) therefore we should love others with this same kind of love. Awesome! Show the love which He showed us.
Some disappointments:
1. The author often sounds condescending, impish, and arrogant. (It's too bad, because the author really does care about people, I think, so it's just too bad).
2. Sometimes he makes slightly unfair or unnecessary conclusions about the churches he visits. Or about the people who avoided him on the streets.
3. There are a few assumptions in the book that lead to falsehood (bad theology), which can lead to hurtful and unwise living (bad orthopraxy).
Examples
Of one of my disappointments:
Ex. On pages 55-56 Mike talks about a family of three (dad, mom, young child) that passed him and his partner (Sam) as they were sitting in front of an Italian restaurant in Washington D. C. Mike says the mom was pushing the toddler in a stroller and the dad was beside the mom. As they passed Mike heard the mom say, "We have to be about the gift of giving and the wisdom of the Holy Spirit." At this point, Mike says, "But when I caught her eye, she looked away and quickened her pace." Okay. You should know something else, though, Mike and Sam are both over 6 feet tall. Surely, they were dirty and smelled bad, which were (probably) contributing factors, but these guys are both big guys, young, and strong and compared to a mom pushing her stroller down the sidewalk, I mean, we should give her some benefit of the doubt, right? So, I wish Mike could have shown a bit more empathy in the writing of this book. He does show more empathy near the end, but wants to encourage us to show the love of Christ. And I agree, I think the mother could have been more loving if only she had not been so very full of fear.
Of some of my delights:
In San Francisco Mike and Sam were helped by Russ (a worship singer with tatoos) and James (a 17-year-old preacher) who, when asked by Mike why they were helping him and Sam, said, "The Bible says that we must reach out to those in need . Jesus loves us, so we get to love you. It's a privilege." - Really cool. This is our motivation.
A quote from G. K. Chesterton's Orthodoxy: "We do not want anger and joy to neutralize each other and produce a surely contentment. We want a fiercer delight and a fiercer discontent." ;
0 out of 1 people found this review helpful.
Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.ReformedFisher
Posted January 21, 2011
Under the Overpass isn't what you would call a theology book typically. But it certainly is a book of practical theology and at times biblical theology. You read the journey of two guys, Sam and Mike, as they travel from city to city for five months living on the streets. Mike Yankoski's narrative paints a vivid picture in the mind of what living on the streets is really like.
I would certainly recommend this book to be read by people in the church. Yankoski brings to life the reality of what life is like for thousands of individuals who have no place to call home. If his desire was to show the church and the world the real need that is on the streets of people having their needs met in the name of Jesus while sharing with them the gospel of Jesus Christ, he has succeeded. Yankoski doesn't do so simply by sharing his stories that happened during his time on the streets. Rather he shares those stories and intertwines the biblical call for social justice and mercy ministry. As Yankoski writes after his return to normal day to day life he tells his readers the greatest two commandments, to love God and to love people. He encourages the church to love their neighbor, they must first love God rightly. I think Under the Overpass can be of much aid and prompting for the church to do as the Lord Jesus has commanded. Pick up a copy, take to reading, but be prepared be removed from your comfort zone and come to the realization that there is real need from real people in your community.
5596178
Posted January 15, 2011
I recommend this book to any Christian who is sincere about their walk with God. It will make you want to get involved in a hands on way with the world.
Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.Choosing my first book to review was a difficult task but I'm so glad it was this one! Mike and Sam's five month journey had me questioning my beliefs and behavior from the beginning of their story. It challenged me to look at America's homeless men and women as human beings and not as people who begged for money because they were too lazy to work. I was ashamed to realize that in some cases, that was indeed my attitude! It was then I had to ask myself how I could win people over to Christ when I wasn't being Christ-like myself. If you are looking for an honest and eye opening read, Under the Overpass is for you! Thank you Waterbrook Multnomah Publishing Group for giving me this free copy of Under the Overpass to read as part of your reviewing program.
Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.Joe_P
Posted January 6, 2011
The book tells the tale of a couple of guys on a journey that started with Mike, in a moment of conviction during a sermon where the pastor was urging believers to "be the Christian you say you are", asking himself this challenging question: "What if I stepped out of my comfortable life with nothing but God and put my faith to the test alongside of those who live with nothing every day?" The answer to that question led him and his traveling companion, Sam, to live life on the streets for five months, in six big U.S. cities. But you can gather that much from the back cover. I'll get straight to what I think is the real beauty of this book. First, these guys demonstrate an admirable courage to dive right into the middle of a harsh reality that many of us probably avoid, whether intentionally or unintentionally. I know I at least have tended to stare straight ahead when I pull up to big city stoplights where a homeless person is asking for money. Mike offers very helpful advice for such situations. Mike and Sam meet some inspiring people of faith in unlikely places and circumstances. My favorite was Rings, a Christian homeless man in San Diego. Not only had he gotten out of jail and beaten drug and alcohol addiction, but he took it upon himself to spend his entire government checks buying food to feed the local homeless. The book is a compelling read, though it starts out a bit slow. I found myself a bit confused at the beginning, and finding it hard to be drawn in to the story, though after a few chapters I found myself intrigued at what they would encounter in each new city. The book's target audience seems to be perhaps a caricature of the suburban American Christian: someone fairly comfortable in coffee shops and sparkly church buildings, who doesn't use profanity or spend much time around those who do. I point that last bit out because the book has edited out all the profanity Mike and Sam were used to hearing as a normal part of their daily conversations. While the omission isn't a huge distraction, I think it does make it a bit harder for them to communicate the grittiness one would expect from a life on the streets. At times they made this perfectly clear; at other times, I found myself thinking they didn't have it terribly difficult. All in all, I recommend the book as helpful for bringing the world and plight of the homeless into perspective, and for offering insight into what the church can do to minister to the homeless in their communities. I especially recommend it if you've found ways to ignore the homeless people who ask you for money or position themselves in areas you walk or drive by. A fairly quick read, this book challenges all of us who follow Jesus to take seriously his words to clothe and feed the naked and hungry. --- FTC Disclaimer: I received this book for free from WaterBrook Multnomah Publishing Group for this review.
Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.RevTony
Posted January 6, 2011
Understanding the homeless is one passion of mine, so reading this book was a must read for me. I give a lot of credit to Mike Yankoski and Sam for having the courage to follow the voice of God and do what many would think is crazy. This book put me right in the mist of the homeless areas of the cities of Denver, Washington DC, Portland, San Francisco, Phoenix, and San Diego with Mike and Sam. Mike made me feel that I was on the journey with them by the detailed descriptions he gave me on his journey. The sacrifices that they made, has motivated me to do more in my community for the homeless that are here. I feel that I have a better understanding of the life a homeless person leads which leaves me wanting to live out Matthew 25 more.
"I received this book for free from WaterBrook Multnomah Publishing Group for this review"
Overview
5th Anniversary - Updated & Expanded Edition
With Foreword by FRANCIS CHAN
Ever Wonder What it Would Be Like to Live Homeless?
Mike Yankoski did more than just wonder. By his own choice, Mike's life went from upper-middle class plush to scum-of-the-earth repulsive overnight. With only a backpack, a sleeping bag and a guitar, Mike and his traveling companion, Sam, set out to experience life on the streets in six different cities—from Washington D.C. to San Diego— and they put ...