The Use of Restricted Significance Tests in Clinical Trials / Edition 1

by David S. Salsburg

Overview

The reader will soon find that this is more than a "how-to-do-it" book. It describes a philosophical approach to the use of statistics in the analysis of clinical trials. I have come gradually to the position described here, but I have not come that way alone. This approach is heavily influenced by my reading the papers of R.A. Fisher, F.S. Anscombe, F. Mosteller, and J. Neyman. But the most important influences have been those of my medical colleagues, who had important real-life medical questions that needed to be answered. Statistical methods depend on abstract mathematical theorems and often complicated algorithms on the computer. But these are only a means to an end, because in the end the statistical techniques we apply to clinical studies have to provide useful answers. When I was studying martingales and symbolic logic in graduate school, my wife, Fran, had to be left out of the intellectual excitement. But, as she looked on, she kept asking me how is this knowledge useful. That question, what can you do with this? haunted my studies. When I began working in bio­ statistics, she continued asking me where it was all going, and I had to explain what I was doing in terms of the practical problems that were being ad­ dressed.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781461287629
Publisher:	Springer New York
Publication date:	12/25/2011
Series:	Statistics for Biology and Health
Edition description:	Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1992
Pages:	174
Product dimensions:	6.10(w) x 9.25(h) x 0.02(d)

Table of Contents

One Philosophical and Scientific Problems when Applying Statistical Methods to Clinical Data.- 1 The Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.- 2 Probability Models and Clinical Medicine.- 3 Significance Tests Versus Hypothesis Tests.- 4 Neyman’s Insights.- 5 Reconciling Fisher and Neyman.- Two Techniques for Applying Restricted Tests to Data from Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials.- 6 Continuous Measures Taken over Time.- 7 Combining Data Across Measures.- 8 Counts of Events.- 9 Permutation Tests and Resampling Techniques.- 10 Neyman’s Restricted Chi Square Tests.- 11 Miscellaneous Methods for Increasing Power.- 12 Bayesian Estimation.- 13 An Example of the Type of Analysis Suggested in This Book.- References.

Editorial Reviews

"...A broad range of statistical methodologies is surveyed including restricted chi-square tests, normal theory tests, nonparametric tests, permutation and resampling methods and Bayesian estimation...For anyone who wants to think deeply about the basic issues involving the design and analysis of clinical trials, this book is a must read.."(Zentralblatt für Mathematik)

From the Publisher

Presents a clear account of the design and analysis of experiments in randomized clinical trials that stresses the foundational issues involved. The author also seeks to develop the specific tools of analysis that can be derived from Neyman's model of restricted tests. Examples are used throughout from a variety of types of studies. Chapter topics include probability models and clinical medicine, significance tests versus hypothesis tests, reconciling Fisher and Neyman, and combining data across measures. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

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