Useful Bodies: Humans in the Service of Medical Science in the Twentieth Century

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More About This Book

Overview

Though notoriously associated with Germany, human experimentation in the name of science has been practiced in other countries, as well, both before and after the Nazi era. The use of unwitting or unwilling subjects in experiments designed to test the effects of radiation and disease on the human body emerged at the turn of the twentieth century, when the rise of the modern, coercive state and the professionalization of medical science converged. Useful Bodies explores the intersection of government power and medical knowledge in revealing studies of human experimentation—germ warfare and jaundice tests in Great Britain; radiation, malaria, and hepatitis experiments in the U.S.; and nuclear fallout trials in Australia. These examples of medical abuse illustrate the extent to which living human bodies have been "useful" to democratic states and emphasize the need for intense scrutiny and regulation to prevent future violations.

Contributors: Brian Balmer, University College London; Miriam Boleyn-Fitzgerald, University of Wisconsin; Rodney A. Hayward, University of Michigan; Joel D. Howell, University of Michigan; Margaret Humphreys, Duke University; David S. Jones, Massachusetts General Hospital; Robert L. Martensen, Tulane University School of Medicine; Glenn Mitchell, University of Wollongong; Jenny Stanton, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Gilbert Whittemore, independent scholar/attorney, Boston

Editorial Reviews

American Historical Review

This excellent volume treats human experimentation in Britain and the United States from 1920 to 1970.

— Londa Schiebinger

Choice

Using specific examples of biomedical research in the 20th century, this collection addresses the role and treatment of the body by biomedical researchers.

More Reviews (7) Fewer Reviews
Issues in Law and Medicine

Each chapter is a startling case study that examines the nature and degree of the state's involvement in human experimentation... With contributions by leading historians of medicine, science, and public policy, Useful Bodies will be of interest to ethicists, bioethicists and those engaged in the formulation of public health and policy.

Journal of Clinical Investigation

The well-documented essays cite a rich body of sources.

— Susanna Cunningham

Journal of Clinical Research Best Practices

With a refreshing lack of sensationalism, the essays offer fascinating details and perspectives on human experimentation conducted or funded by governments.

— Norman M. Goldfarb

Journal of the History of Biology

These articles make a significant contribution to our understanding of the role of the state in human subjects research.

— Margot Iverson

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences

Well-written and meticulously researched, these essays offer the historical context to understand and evaluate human experimentation.

— Karen Ross

Nature Medicine

Offers worthwhile lessons for contemporary researchers, scholars, and policy makers... [and] makes a strong case for adopting a broad perspective in the analysis of research ethics... Besides gaining a rich picture of past scientific practices, readers will be better equipped to monitor the continuing search of 'useful bodies' in our own era.

— Rebecca Dresser

Perspectives in Biology and Medicine

Although the chapters examine the tensions and moral ambiguities in research supported, sponsored, or performed by researchers in democratic states, the time period from which these cases are drawn makes a comparison with the research supported and performed by the Nazi government inevitable and disturbing. I highly recommend this book to those interested in the history and ethics of human experimentation.

— Lainie Friedman Ross

Product Details

  • ISBN-13: 9780801889684
  • Publisher: Johns Hopkins University Press
  • Publication date: 6/28/2008
  • Edition description: New Edition
  • Pages: 240
  • Sales rank: 1,200,714
  • Product dimensions: 5.20 (w) x 8.10 (h) x 0.60 (d)

Meet the Author

Jordan Goodman is an honorary research fellow at the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at University College London. Anthony McElligott is founding professor of history at the University of Limerick and director of the Centre for Historical Research. Lara Marks is a visiting senior research associate at Cambridge University and an honorary senior lecturer at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments
1 Making Human Bodies Useful: Historicizing Medical Experiments in the Twentieth Century 1
2 Using the Population Body to Protect the National Body: Germ Warfare Tests in the United Kingdom after World War II 27
3 Whose Body? Which Disease? Studying Malaria while Treating Neurosyphilis 53
4 Human Radiation Experiments and the Formation of Medical Physics at the University of California, San Francisco and Berkeley, 1937-1962 81
5 "I Have Been on Tenterhooks": Wartime Medical Research Council Jaundice Committee Experiments 109
6 See an Atomic Blast and Spread the Word: Indoctrination at Ground Zero 133
7 Injecting Comatose Patients with Uranium: America's Overlapping Wars Against Communism and Cancer in the 1950s 165
8 Writing Willowbrook, Reading Willowbrook: The Recounting of a Medical Experiment 190
List of Contributors 215

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