Variation in Working Memory

by Andrew Conway (Editor), Chris Jarrold (Editor), Michael Kane (Editor), Akira Miyake (Editor), John Towse (Editor)

Overview

Working memory--the ability to keep important information in mind while comprehending, thinking, and acting--varies considerably from person to person and changes dramatically during each person's life. Understanding such individual and developmental differences is crucial because working memory is a major contributor to general intellectual functioning. This volume offers a state-of-the-art, integrative, and comprehensive approach to understanding variation in working memory by presenting explicit, detailed comparisons of the leading theories. It incorporates views from the different research groups that operate on each side of the Atlantic, and covers working-memory research on a wide variety of populations, including healthy adults, children with and without learning difficulties, older adults, and adults and children with neurological disorders. A particular strength of this volume is that each research group explicitly addresses the same set of theoretical questions, from the perspective of both their own theoretical and experimental work and from the perspective of relevant alternative approaches. Through these questions, each research group considers their overarching theory of working memory, specifies the critical sources of working memory variation according to their theory, reflects on the compatibility of their approach with other approaches, and assesses their contribution to general working memory theory. This shared focus across chapters unifies the volume and highlights the similarities and differences among the various theories. Each chapter includes both a summary of research positions and a detailed discussion of each position. Variation in Working Memory achieves coherence across its chapters, while presenting the entire range of current theoretical and experimental approaches to variation in working memory.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780190290689
Publisher:	Oxford University Press
Publication date:	02/03/2007
Sold by:	Barnes & Noble
Format:	eBook
File size:	11 MB
Note:	This product may take a few minutes to download.

About the Author

Andrew R. A. Conway is a Lecturer in the Department of Psychology at Princeton University, where he teaches quantitative methods for psychological research. He earned his B.S. in Computer Science and Psychology at Union College and his Ph.D. in Experimental Psychology at the University of South Carolina. He is Consulting Editor for Memory & Cognition and the Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition. Christopher Jarrold is a Reader in the Department of Experimental Psychology at University of Bristol. He is a developmental psychologist with a particular interest in working memory functions in typically and atypically developing children. In 2000 he received the British Psychological Society's Neil O'Connor Award for research into developmental disabilities. He is an Associate Editor for Developmental Science and Consulting Editor for the Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. Michael J. Kane is an Associate Professor of Psychology at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. He earned is B.A. in Psychology from Haverford College and his Ph.D. in Psychology from Duke University. He is Associate Editor for Memory & Cognition, and a Consulting Editor for the Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. Akira Miyake is Associate Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of Colorado, Boulder. He is a Fellow of both the American Psychological Association and American Psychological Society. He is Associate Editor for the Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. He is co-editor, with Ptiti Shah, of the highly regarded volume, Models of Working Memory, as well as The Handbook of Visuospatial Thinking. John N. Towse is a Senior Lecturer at the University of Lancaster. After studying at Oxford University and Manchester, he worked as a Lecturer/Senior Lecturer at Royal Holloway University of London. He is a former Secretary of the European Society for Cognitive Psychology and is currently Associate Editor for the British Journal of Developmental Psychology.

Table of Contents

Contributors     xvii
Variation in working memory: An introduction   Andrew R. A. Conway   Christopher Jarrold   Michael J. Kane   Akira Miyake   John N. Towse     3
Working memory variation reflecting normal inter- and intra-individual differences
Variation in working memory capacity as variation in executive attention and control   Michael J. Kane   Andrew R. A. Conway   David Z. Hambrick   Randall W. Engle     21
Individual differences in working memory capacity and reasoning ability   Klaus Oberauer   Heinz-Martin Su[beta]   Oliver Wilhelm   Nicolas Sander     49
Explaining the many varieties of working memory variation: Dual mechanisms of cognitive control   Todd S. Braver   Jeremy R. Gray   Gregory C. Burgess     76
Working memory variation due to normal and atypical development
Variation in working memory due to normal development   John N. Towse   Graham J. Hitch     109
Variation in working memory due to typical and atypical development   Christopher Jarrold   Donna M. Bayliss     134
Developmental and computational approaches to variation in working memory   Yuko Munakata   J. Bruce Morton   Randall C. O'Reilly     162
Variation in working memory across the life span   Sandra Hale   Joel Myerson   Lisa J. Emery   Bonnie M. Lawrence   Carolyn DuFault     194
Working memory variation due to normal and pathological aging
Inhibitory mechanisms and the control of attention   Lynn Hasher   Cindy Lustig   Rose Zacks     227
The executive is central to working memory: Insights from age, performance, and task variations   Patricia A. Reuter-Lorenz   John Jonides     250
Specialized verbal working memory for language comprehension   David Caplan   Gloria Waters   Gayle DeDe     272
Author Index     303
Subject Index     315

Editorial Reviews

"Complex working memory span is able to predict performance on a remarkably wide range of cognitive tasks. This book by a group of outstanding young cognitive psychologists asks the question 'why?' It combines experimental and correlational approaches to provide an excellent state-of-the-art overview of current progress on this important topic. I strongly recommend it to anyone interested in cognitive psychology or individual differences."—Alan Baddeley, Professor of Psychology, University of York

"This book on individual variation in working memory is an excellent collection of chapters by leading investigators, covering key topics in normal adult variation, life span development, and pathology. It appears to be the first collection with this focus on variation in working memory, and it is important for anyone interested in current research on human cognition and brain processes. The book was carefully and insightfully organized and edited by a balanced, very productive team of American and British experts in the field."—Nelson Cowan, Curators' Professor, University of Missouri-Columbia

"Variation in Working Memory is valuable for researchers and advanced students in mental ability differences: historically aware, and theory- and data-rich. There is freshness in the variety of approaches to individual differences in working memory. The editors did a very good job of keeping the contributors focused on a well-chosen set of key questions, giving the book a coherence that is often missing in edited volumes."—Ian J. Deary, Professor of Differential Psychology, University of Edinburgh

"A complete understanding of the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying working memory cannot be achieved until we tackle the questions posed in this volume. The authors present a broad range of empirical data and theoretical viewpoints aimed at accounting for observed individual differences in human working memory. Many different aspects of variation in working memory remain unsolved puzzles, but the ideas put forth in this volume will certainly provide some of the pieces necessary for solving them. If you study working memory, or plan to do so, read this volume from cover to cover."—Mark D'Esposito, Professor of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of California, Berkeley

"This is a major achievement, synthesizing experimental and differential work on working memory and related constructs, such as executive control and attention, through a set of insightful chapters by leading researchers in the field. The prominence of research regarding aging, working memory, and executive control reflects important developments in our understanding of cognitive aging and the central role that working memory research has played in its evolution. Likewise, several chapters provide insights on contemporary work on the neuroscience of working memory and executive control. This book is an important contribution to cognitive psychology and related disciplines, and it should be widely read."—Christopher Hertzog, Professor of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology

"This book provides a generally clearly presented outline of the major theoretical and experimental perspectives in contemporary understanding of working memory."—The Psychologist

From the Publisher