Volume I: to 1740
A core text for introductory-level survey courses in Western Civilization and European History and Civilization.
Written by leading scholars in the field, this authoritative text presents an engaging and balanced narrative of the central developments in Western history. Seamlessly integrating coverage of social, cultural and political history, this text is presented in a flexible chronological organization. The new Ninth Edition provides updated scholarship, expanded coverage of cultural history, the ancient Near East, late antiquity, imperialism, and the Holocaust.
PART 1 THE FOUNDATIONS OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION IN THE ANCIENT WORLD
CHAPTER 1 The Birth of Civilization
Early Humans and Their Culture
The Paleolithic Age
The Neolithic Age
The Bronze Age and the Birth of Civilization
Early Civilizations to about 1000 b.c.e
Mesopotamian Civilization
Egyptian Civilization
Ancient Near Eastern Empires
The Hittites
The Assyrians
The Neo-Babylonians
The Persian Empire
Cyrus the Great
Darius the Great
Government and Administration
Religion
Art and Culture
Palestine
The Canaanites and the Phoenicians
The Israelites
General Outlook of Mideastern Cultures
Humans and Nature
Toward the Greeks and Western Thought
In Perspective
CHAPTER 2 The Rise of Greek Civilization
The Bronze Age on Crete and on the Mainland to about 1150 b.c.e.
The Minoans
The Mycenaeans
The Greek "Middle Ages" to about 750 b.c.e.
Greek Migrations
The Age of Homer
The Polis
Development of the Polis
The Hoplite Phalanx
The Importance of the Polis
Expansion of the Greek World
Magna Graecia
The Greek Colony
The Tyrants (ca. 700–500 b.c.e.)
The Major States
Sparta
Athens
Life in Archaic Greece
Society
Religion
Poetry
The Persian Wars
The Ionian Rebellion
The War in Greece
In Perspective
CHAPTER 3 Classical and Hellenistic Greece
Aftermath of Victory
The Delian League
The Rise Of Cimon
The First Peloponnesian War: Athens against Sparta
The Breach with Sparta
The Division of Greece
Classical Greece
The Athenian Empire
Athenian Democracy
The Women of Athens: Social Status and Everyday Life
Slavery
The Great Peloponnesian War
Strategic Stalemate
The Fall of Athens
Competition for Leadership in the Fourth Century b.c.e.
The Hegemony of Sparta
The Hegemony of Thebes: The Second Athenian Empire
The Culture of Classical Greece
The Fifth Century b.c.e.
The Fourth Century b.c.e.
Philosophy and the Crisis of the Polis
The Hellenistic World
The Macedonian Conquest
Alexander the Great
The Successors
Hellenistic Culture
Philosophy
Literature
Art and Architecture
Mathematics and Science
In Perspective
CHAPTER 4 Rome: From Republic to Empire
Prehistoric Italy
The Etruscans
Government
Religion
Women
Dominion
Royal Rome
Government
The Family
Women in Early Rome
Clientage
Patricians and Plebians
The Republic
Constitution
The Conquest of Italy
Rome and Carthage
The Republic’s Conquest of the Hellenistic World
Civilization in the Early Roman Republic
Religion
Education
Slavery
Roman Imperialism: The Late Republic
The Aftermath of Conquest
The Gracchi
Marius and Sulla
The Fall of the Republic
Pompey, Crassus, Caesar, and Cicero
The First Triumvirate
Julius Caesar and his Government of Rome
The Second Triumvirate and the Triumph of Octavian
In Perspective
CHAPTER 5 The Roman Empire
The Augustan Principate
Administration
The Army and Defense
Religion and Morality
Civilization of the Ciceronian and Augustan Ages
The Late Republic
The Age of Augustus
Imperial Rome, 14 to 180 c.e.
The Emperors
The Administration of the Empire
Women of the Upper Classes
Life in Imperial Rome: The Apartment House
The Culture of the Early Empire
The Rise of Christianity
Jesus of Nazareth
Paul of Tarsus
Organization
The Persecution of Christians
The Emergence of Catholicism
The Crisis of the Third Century
Barbarian Invasions
Economic Difficulties
The Social Order
Civil Disorder
The Late Empire
The Fourth Century and Imperial Reorganization
The Triumph of Christianity
Arts and Letters in the Late Empire
The Preservation of Classical Culture
Christian Writers
The Problem of the Decline and Fall of the Empire in the West
In Perspective
THE WEST AND THE WORLD: ANCIENT WARFARE
PART 2: THE MIDDLE AGES
CHAPTER 6 Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages: Creating a New European Society and Culture (476–1000)
On the Eve of the Frankish Ascendancy
Germanic Migrations
New Western Masters
The Byzantine Empire
The Reign of Justinian
The Spread of Byzantine Christianity
Persians and Muslims
Islam and the Islamic World
Muhammad’s Religion
Islamic Diversity
Islamic Empires
The Western Debt to Islam
Western Society and the Developing Christian Church
Monastic Culture
The Doctrine of Papal Primacy
The Religious Division of Christendom
The Kingdom of the Franks: From Clovis to Charlemagne
Governing the Franks
The Reign of Charlemagne (768–814)
Break up of the Carolingian Kingdom
Feudal Society
Origins
Vassalage and the Fief
Daily Life and Religion
Fragmentation and Divided Loyalty
In Perspective
CHAPTER 7 The High Middle Ages: The Rise of European Empires and States (1000–1300)
Otto I and the Revival of the Empire
Unifying Germany
Embracing the Church
The Reviving Catholic Church
The Cluny Reform Movement
The Investiture Struggle: Gregory VII and Henry IV
The Crusades
The Pontificate of Innocent III (r. 1198–1216)
England and France: Hastings (1066) to Bouvines (1214)
William the Conqueror
Henry II
Eleanor of Aquitaine and Court Culture
Popular Rebellion and Magna Carta
Philip II Augustus
France in the Thirteenth Century: The Reign of Louis IX
Generosity Abroad
Order and Excellence at Home
The Hohenstaufen Empire (1152–1272)
Frederick I Barbarossa
Henry VI and the Sicilian Connection
Otto IV and the Welf Interregnum
Frederick II
Romanesque and Gothic Art
In Perspective
CHAPTER 8 Medieval Society: Hierarchies, Towns, Universities, and Families (1000–1300)
The Traditional Order of Life
Nobles
Clergy
Peasants
Towns and Townspeople
The Chartering of Towns
The Rise of Merchants
Challenging the Old Lords
New Models of Government
Towns and Kings
Jews in Christian Society
Schools and Universities
University of Bologna
Cathedral Schools
University of Paris
The Curriculum
Philosophy and Theology
Women in Medieval Society
Image and Status
Life Choices
Working Women
The Lives of Children
Children as "Little Adults"
Children as a Special Stage
In Perspective
THE WEST AND THE WORLD: THE INVENTION OF PRINTING IN CHINA AND EUROPE
PART 3: EUROPE IN TRANSITION
CHAPTER 9 The Late Middle Ages: Social and Political Breakdown (1300–1453)
The Black Death
Preconditions and Causes of the Plague
Popular Remedies
Social and Economic Consequences
New Conflicts and Opportunities
The Hundred Years’ War and the Rise of National Sentiment
The Causes of the War
Progress of the War
Ecclesiastical Breakdown and Revival: The Late Medieval Church
The Thirteenth-Century Papacy
Boniface VIII and Philip the Fair
The Avignon Papacy (1309–1377)
John Wycliffe and John Huss
The Great Schism (1378–1417) and the Conciliar Movement to 1449
Medieval Russia
Politics and Society
Mongol Rule (1243–1480)
In Perspective
CHAPTER 10 Renaissance and Discovery
The Renaissance in Italy (1375–1527)
The Italian City-State
Humanism
Renaissance Art
Slavery in the Renaissance
Italy’s Political Decline: The French Invasions (1494–1527)
Charles VIII’s March through Italy
Pope Alexander VI and the Borgia Family
Pope Julius II
Niccolò Machiavelli
Revival of Monarchy in Northern Europe
France
Spain
England
The Holy Roman Empire
The Northern Renaissance
The Printing Press
Erasmus
Humanism and Reform
Voyages of Discovery and the New Empires in the West and East
The Portuguese Chart the Course
The Spanish Voyages of Columbus
The Spanish Empire in the New World
The Church in Spanish America
The Economy of Exploitation
The Impact on Europe
In Perspective
CHAPTER 11 The Age of Reformation
Society and Religion
Social and Political Conflict
Popular Religious Movements and Criticisms of the Church
Martin Luther and German Reformation to 1525
Justification by Faith Alone
The Attack on Indulgences
Election of Charles V
Luther’s Excommunication and the Diet of Worms
Imperial Distractions: France and the Turks
How the Reformation Spread
The Peasants’ Revolt
The Reformation Elsewhere
Zwingli and the Swiss Reformation
Anabaptists and Radical Protestants
John Calvin and the Genevan Reformation
Political Consolidation of the Lutheran Reformation
The Diet of Augsburg
The Expansion of the Reformation
Reaction against Protestants
The Peace of Augsburg
The English Reformation to 1553
The Preconditions of Reform
The King’s Affair
The "Reform Parliament"
Wives of Henry VIII
The King’s Religious Conservatism
The Protestant Reformation under Edward VI
Catholic Reform and Counter-Reformation
Sources of Catholic Reform
Ignatius of Loyola and the Jesuits
The Council of Trent (1545-1563)
The Social Significance of the Reformation in Western Europe
The Revolution in Religion: Practices and Institutions
The Reformation and Education
The Reformation and the Changing Role of Women
Family Life in Early Modern Europe
Later Marriages
Arranged Marriages
Family Size
Birth Control
Wet Nursing
Loving Families?
Literary Imagination in Transition
Miguel De Cervantes Saaavedra: Rejection of Idealism
William Shakespeare: Dramatist of the Age
In Perspective
CHAPTER 12 The Age of Religious Wars
Renewed Religious Struggle
The French Wars of Religion (1562–1598)
Appeal of Calvinism
Catherine de Medicis and the Guises
The Rise to Power of Henry of Navarre
The Edict of Nantes
Imperial Spain and Philip II (r. 1556–1598)
Pillars of Spanish Power
The Revolt in the Netherlands
England and Spain (1553–1603)
Mary I (r. 1553–1558)
Elizabeth I (r. 1558–1603)
The Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648)
Preconditions for War
Four Periods of War
The Treaty of Westphalia
In Perspective
Overview
Volume I: to 1740
A core text for introductory-level survey courses in Western Civilization and European History and Civilization.
Written by leading scholars in the field, this authoritative text presents an engaging and balanced narrative of the central developments in Western history. Seamlessly integrating coverage of social, cultural and political history, this text is presented in a ...