When Good Thinking Goes Bad: How Your Brain Can Have a Mind of Its Own
In 1975, the Environmental Fund sponsored a full-page advertisement in leading newspapers, which predicted that "the world as we know it will likely be ruined before the year 2,000," due to the assumed inability of world food production to keep pace with the increase in population. The statement was endorsed by some of the finest thinkers of the time-scientists, scholars, and other professionals who had spent their careers applying the principles of critical thinking to their chosen disciplines. Nonetheless, in this instance, they all failed to use the same rigor in assessing the probability of looming disaster and badly miscalculated.
This is just one example of how even the best thinkers can sometimes go astray, and it illustrates how easily unconscious biases can undermine the critical thinking process. In this insightful analysis of the mental pitfalls that trip up even elite critical thinkers, psychologist Todd C. Riniolo makes a compelling case that under certain circumstances everyone is vulnerable to accepting erroneous beliefs.
Riniolo begins by reviewing the hallmarks of critical thinking related to the evaluation of claims, such as the use of the double-blind procedure and the law of parsimony. He then provides an evolutionary framework and empirical supporting evidence from cognitive psychology to explain why being inconsistent in the use of critical thinking is part of our evolutionary heritage. Each of us possesses cognitive biases that make us prone to maintaining our current beliefs (both true and false). He concludes by focusing on a wide range of claims-environmental, political, economic, multicultural-to illustrate how in certain contexts we all are temptedto abandon critical thinking.
Thoroughly researched yet written in a lively, witty style, this unique approach to critical thinking will interest students, teachers, and anyone who wishes to become a better thinker.

1117498081
When Good Thinking Goes Bad: How Your Brain Can Have a Mind of Its Own
In 1975, the Environmental Fund sponsored a full-page advertisement in leading newspapers, which predicted that "the world as we know it will likely be ruined before the year 2,000," due to the assumed inability of world food production to keep pace with the increase in population. The statement was endorsed by some of the finest thinkers of the time-scientists, scholars, and other professionals who had spent their careers applying the principles of critical thinking to their chosen disciplines. Nonetheless, in this instance, they all failed to use the same rigor in assessing the probability of looming disaster and badly miscalculated.
This is just one example of how even the best thinkers can sometimes go astray, and it illustrates how easily unconscious biases can undermine the critical thinking process. In this insightful analysis of the mental pitfalls that trip up even elite critical thinkers, psychologist Todd C. Riniolo makes a compelling case that under certain circumstances everyone is vulnerable to accepting erroneous beliefs.
Riniolo begins by reviewing the hallmarks of critical thinking related to the evaluation of claims, such as the use of the double-blind procedure and the law of parsimony. He then provides an evolutionary framework and empirical supporting evidence from cognitive psychology to explain why being inconsistent in the use of critical thinking is part of our evolutionary heritage. Each of us possesses cognitive biases that make us prone to maintaining our current beliefs (both true and false). He concludes by focusing on a wide range of claims-environmental, political, economic, multicultural-to illustrate how in certain contexts we all are temptedto abandon critical thinking.
Thoroughly researched yet written in a lively, witty style, this unique approach to critical thinking will interest students, teachers, and anyone who wishes to become a better thinker.

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When Good Thinking Goes Bad: How Your Brain Can Have a Mind of Its Own

When Good Thinking Goes Bad: How Your Brain Can Have a Mind of Its Own

by Todd C. Riniolo
When Good Thinking Goes Bad: How Your Brain Can Have a Mind of Its Own

When Good Thinking Goes Bad: How Your Brain Can Have a Mind of Its Own

by Todd C. Riniolo

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Overview

In 1975, the Environmental Fund sponsored a full-page advertisement in leading newspapers, which predicted that "the world as we know it will likely be ruined before the year 2,000," due to the assumed inability of world food production to keep pace with the increase in population. The statement was endorsed by some of the finest thinkers of the time-scientists, scholars, and other professionals who had spent their careers applying the principles of critical thinking to their chosen disciplines. Nonetheless, in this instance, they all failed to use the same rigor in assessing the probability of looming disaster and badly miscalculated.
This is just one example of how even the best thinkers can sometimes go astray, and it illustrates how easily unconscious biases can undermine the critical thinking process. In this insightful analysis of the mental pitfalls that trip up even elite critical thinkers, psychologist Todd C. Riniolo makes a compelling case that under certain circumstances everyone is vulnerable to accepting erroneous beliefs.
Riniolo begins by reviewing the hallmarks of critical thinking related to the evaluation of claims, such as the use of the double-blind procedure and the law of parsimony. He then provides an evolutionary framework and empirical supporting evidence from cognitive psychology to explain why being inconsistent in the use of critical thinking is part of our evolutionary heritage. Each of us possesses cognitive biases that make us prone to maintaining our current beliefs (both true and false). He concludes by focusing on a wide range of claims-environmental, political, economic, multicultural-to illustrate how in certain contexts we all are temptedto abandon critical thinking.
Thoroughly researched yet written in a lively, witty style, this unique approach to critical thinking will interest students, teachers, and anyone who wishes to become a better thinker.


Product Details

ISBN-13: 9781615921799
Publisher: Prometheus Books
Publication date: 11/01/2007
Sold by: Barnes & Noble
Format: eBook
File size: 479 KB

About the Author

Todd C. Riniolo (Grand Island, NY) is an associate professor of psychology at Medaille College. He has written many peer-reviewed articles in the psychological literature.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments     9
Introduction     11
Some Hallmarks of Critically Evaluating Claims     31
Critical Thinking in Everyday Life: What's Your Evidence?     33
Experts: Benefits and Limitations     43
Research Methods: The Double-Blind Procedure, the Placebo Effect, and the Law of Parsimony     51
Why Strange Coincidences Are Normal, and Why the Critical Thinker Is Wary of Secondhand Sources     65
The Evolution of Inconsistent Critical Thinking     77
The Pros and Cons of Our Evolutionary Heritage     79
Humans: The Great Pattern Seekers     85
The Interconnectedness of Our Pattern-Seeking Heritage with a Biased Cognitive System     93
The Role of Emotions in Belief Maintenance     115
Case Examples: An Ordinary Critical Thinker and a Brilliant Mind     129
Examples of inconsistent critical thinking: The influence of our beliefs     145
Global Warming and Psychic Claims: A Comparison     147
Politics and Inconsistent Critical Thinking     173
Multicultural Claims: Are Skeptics Sexist and Racist?     183
Economists and Skeptics: Birds of a Feather?     189
Does Santa Claus Undermine Critical Thinking? No, No, No     203
Conclusion: Closing Thoughts     213
References     217
Index     231
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