Where to Watch Birds in South America
A unique field guide and reference, Where to Watch Birds in South America is designed to help the avid birder and the general wildlife enthusiast organize eventful journeys throughout the richest continent for birds, where the species number over three thousand. This book covers more than two hundred of the best sites for birdwatching, and includes the archipelagos of Trinidad and Tobago, the Galapagos and Falkland Islands, the Netherland Antilles, and part of Antarctica. The reader will find details of every species that is endemic to particular countries, and will learn where and when best to see such birds as the scarlet ibis, Andean condor, harpy eagle, sunbittern, macaw, toucan, jacamar, antbird, and cotinga. The text is enhanced by nearly one hundred maps and fifty line drawings. There are even hints as to where species not seen for decades may be rediscovered.

This guide begins with an introduction to the continent and its birds then deals with particular countries and archipelagos. The site details include bird lists, a list of other wildlife present, and the latest advice on where to look for birds. For the traveler, there is information on transport, accommodations, safety, and health, and answers to various strategic questions: Which countries support the most species? How many sites must be visited to see most of them? How long does this take? When is the best time to go? Whether a first-time visitor to South America or a seasoned traveler there, the reader will find this guide immensely useful in making the most out of the trip.

Originally published in 1994.

The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

1102510953
Where to Watch Birds in South America
A unique field guide and reference, Where to Watch Birds in South America is designed to help the avid birder and the general wildlife enthusiast organize eventful journeys throughout the richest continent for birds, where the species number over three thousand. This book covers more than two hundred of the best sites for birdwatching, and includes the archipelagos of Trinidad and Tobago, the Galapagos and Falkland Islands, the Netherland Antilles, and part of Antarctica. The reader will find details of every species that is endemic to particular countries, and will learn where and when best to see such birds as the scarlet ibis, Andean condor, harpy eagle, sunbittern, macaw, toucan, jacamar, antbird, and cotinga. The text is enhanced by nearly one hundred maps and fifty line drawings. There are even hints as to where species not seen for decades may be rediscovered.

This guide begins with an introduction to the continent and its birds then deals with particular countries and archipelagos. The site details include bird lists, a list of other wildlife present, and the latest advice on where to look for birds. For the traveler, there is information on transport, accommodations, safety, and health, and answers to various strategic questions: Which countries support the most species? How many sites must be visited to see most of them? How long does this take? When is the best time to go? Whether a first-time visitor to South America or a seasoned traveler there, the reader will find this guide immensely useful in making the most out of the trip.

Originally published in 1994.

The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

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Where to Watch Birds in South America

Where to Watch Birds in South America

by Nigel Wheatley
Where to Watch Birds in South America

Where to Watch Birds in South America

by Nigel Wheatley

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Overview

A unique field guide and reference, Where to Watch Birds in South America is designed to help the avid birder and the general wildlife enthusiast organize eventful journeys throughout the richest continent for birds, where the species number over three thousand. This book covers more than two hundred of the best sites for birdwatching, and includes the archipelagos of Trinidad and Tobago, the Galapagos and Falkland Islands, the Netherland Antilles, and part of Antarctica. The reader will find details of every species that is endemic to particular countries, and will learn where and when best to see such birds as the scarlet ibis, Andean condor, harpy eagle, sunbittern, macaw, toucan, jacamar, antbird, and cotinga. The text is enhanced by nearly one hundred maps and fifty line drawings. There are even hints as to where species not seen for decades may be rediscovered.

This guide begins with an introduction to the continent and its birds then deals with particular countries and archipelagos. The site details include bird lists, a list of other wildlife present, and the latest advice on where to look for birds. For the traveler, there is information on transport, accommodations, safety, and health, and answers to various strategic questions: Which countries support the most species? How many sites must be visited to see most of them? How long does this take? When is the best time to go? Whether a first-time visitor to South America or a seasoned traveler there, the reader will find this guide immensely useful in making the most out of the trip.

Originally published in 1994.

The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.


Product Details

ISBN-13: 9780691635552
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Publication date: 04/19/2016
Series: Princeton Legacy Library , #299
Edition description: Kivar binding
Pages: 432
Product dimensions: 6.40(w) x 9.30(h) x 1.20(d)

Read an Excerpt

Where to watch birds in South America


By Nigel Wheatley

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS

Copyright © 1995 Princeton University Press
All rights reserved.
ISBN: 978-0-691-04337-1



CHAPTER 1

ARGENTINA


INTRODUCTION

Summary

Argentina is a friendly, modern country with a good infrastructure, a field guide and many spectacular settings in which to watch birds. Although it is basically a temperate country with no lowland rainforest, it is over 3,000 km long, and there is actually a good range of habitats, which support a superb variety of South American bird families. It would be difficult to do justice to all these habitats in one short trip, so the dilemma for most Argentine first-timers is whether to go north or south. The north supports a number of high-Andean specialities whilst many species restricted to Patagonia occur in the south.


Size

Argentina is big. It is the eighth largest country in the world, over twenty times the size of England, four times the size of Texas and nearly ten times larger than Ecuador, a total of 2,766,889 km2. It is a mammoth 3,460 km from the high Andes on the border with Bolivia in the northwest to the windswept shores of Tierra del Fuego in the south.


Getting Around

Although the infrastructure is highly developed, only one third of the many roads are paved. There is an extensive, cheap and efficient bus service. Most of the cities and larger towns are accessible by air from Buenos Aires, making the various airpasses very useful in this big country. There is also a cheap but slow rail network which covers all but Patagonia.


Accommodation and Food

High quality, good value accommodation is fairly extensive. Camping is very popular and roadside service stations often provide facilities. Argentina is a carnivore's paradise, but vegetables are scarce.


Health and Safety

Argentina is a clean and hygienic country. The only precaution necessary against disease is for malaria if visiting the low-lying subtropical areas in the north. Very rarely, a Reduvid bug, which looks like a small cockroach and normally lives only in squalid houses in the northwest, bites someone and gives them Chaga's disease which is very nasty and difficult to treat. Beware of altitude sickness in the high Andes of the northwest. This is one of the safest countries in South America and violent crime against tourists is very rare.


Climate and Timing

The climate is temperate in the south, hence the austral winters (April to September) are very cold. In contrast the north is more subtropical and it can be very hot and humid from Buenos Aires north in the summer, especially December to February. At the same time, flooding may occur in the northern Andes. Hence the winter, June to August, is a fairly good time to visit the north, although the Ibera wetlands and Misiones are particularly wet in August; and the austral spring, October to November, is the best time to visit the whole country, especially the south.


Habitats

Thanks to its vast size Argentina contains a wide variety of habitats.

The Andes run along its western and northern boundaries with Chile and Bolivia. In the south they are low and glaciated with Nothofagus (Southern Beech) forest on the lower slopes. In the north they are high and dry, with high-altitude lakes surrounded by puna below the peaks, arid cacti-clad intermontane valleys below there, and temperate and subtropical 'yungas' forests on the wetter lower slopes. Due west of Buenos Aires and east of the Andes, near the city of Cordoba, lies an isolated rugged mountain range known as the Sierra de Ios Comechingones. Three birds are endemic to these mountains and the surrounding area.

Much of north Argentina is covered by chaco, which is wet in the east, with palm savanna and woodland, and dry in the west. The western portion of the chaco was once covered in scrubby woodland, dominated by Mesquite and Quebracho, but it has been seriously degraded over the years and in many places is now dominated by thick, nasty thorn scrub, known to many as 'El Impenetrable'. The eastern chaco ends at the huge Iberá wetlands in the east.

Remnant Araucaria woodland (Monkey-puzzle trees) is present in the northeast finger of the country, where there is also subtropical forest surrounding Iguazú falls, the world's largest waterfall.

The rolling grasslands and marshy flatlands which form the pampas cover much of central Argentina. As with the chaco, the east is wet and still relatively wild while the west is dry and mainly turned over to agriculture.

South of the pampas lies the arid, lake-dotted, windswept Patagonian steppe, covering over a third of the country. Spectacular glaciated mountains form the western boundary, the famous Valdes peninsula is on the east coast and the Nothofagus (Southern Beech) forests, lakes and wild coast of Tierra del Fuego form the southern extremity.


Conservation

37 threatened species occur in Argentina, none of which are endemic. Three (four) endemics are near-threatened.


Bird Families

Of the 92 families which regularly occur in South America 80 are represented, fewer than most of the countries to the north. They include 20 of the 25 Neotropical endemic families and six of the nine South American endemic families. There are no trumpeters, Hoatzin, Oilbird, Sunbittern or barbets. Both rheas, both seriemas, Magellanic Plover and seedsnipes occur.

Well-represented families include tinamous, grebes, flamingos,, and furnariids, of which there are over 70 species.


Bird Species

983 species have been recorded, well below the countries to the north and over 700 fewer than Peru and Colombia. However, this is merely a reflection of the country's complete lack of lowland rainforest, rather than the lack of birds.

Non-endemic specialities and spectacular species include Hooded Grebe, which was, until recently, an endemic, King and Magellanic Penguins, Magellanic Diving-Petrel, Ruddy-headed Goose, Spectacled Duck, Andean and Puna Flamingos, Crowned Eagle, Spot-winged Falconet, Red-faced Guan, Black-fronted Piping-Guan, Dot-winged Crake, Horned Coot, American Painted-snipe, Eskimo Curlew, Snowy Sheathbill, Magellanic Plover, White-bellied Seedsnipe, Andean Avocet, Two-banded Plover, Rufous-chested and Tawny-throated Dotterels, Magellanic Woodpecker, Red-tailed Comet, Toco Toucan, Lark-like Brushrunner, Crested Gallito, Black-throated Huet-huet, Olive-crowned Crescent-chest, Spotted Bamboowren, Strange-tailed Tyrant, seven out of eight monjitas, Yellow Cardinal, and Canary-winged and Yellow-bridled Finches.


Endemics

16 species occur only in Argentina, a slightly higher total than Ecuador, but well below the giddy heights set by Brazil and Peru. These include three canasteros, Sandy Gallito, Rusty-backed Monjita, Cinnamon Warbling-Finch and Tucuman Mountain-Finch. Three endemics are restricted to the Sierra de los Comechingones area near Cordoba.

Near endemics include Rufous-throated Dipper, which is hard to see in Bolivia, the only other country in which this species occurs.


Expectations

Well-prepared birders, who cover only the north, can expect to see approximately 300 species in three weeks. An extra 100 species are possible if another week is spent in the south. Exceptionally, over 550 species may be possible on an extensive five-week trip, including 15 of the 16 endemics, and over 50 furnariids.


BUENOS AIRES

Buenos Aires, the capital of Argentina, lies on the huge estuary of the Río Paraná and Río Uruguay, known as the Río de la Plata, at the northern edge of the open grasslands, lakes and marshes of the pampas. There are a couple of small sites well worth visiting if you are passing through the capital, including the Costanera Sur Ecological Reserve, which is just a short walk from the city centre.


COSTANERA SUR ECOLOGICAL RESERVE (BUENOS AIRES WILDLIFE REFUGE) Map P. 42

The reed-fringed pools, pampas grass and scrubby woodland of this excellent reserve, situated in the old part of the capital, just 30 minutes walk from the city centre, support a fine selection of birds which form an excellent introduction to South American birds for newcomers to the continent. Over 200 species have been recorded including the scarce Black-headed Duck, the rare Dot-winged Crake, and Curve-billed Reedhaunter, although these are all rather rare visitors.


Specialities

Black-headed Duck, Rufous-sided Crake, Giant Wood-Rail, Dot-winged Crake, Snowy-crowned Tern, Sulphur-bearded Spinetail, Freckle-breasted Thornbird, Curve-billed Reedhaunter, Rufous-capped Antshrike, Red-crested Cardinal, Unicoloured Blackbird, Brown-and-yellow Marshbird.


Others

White-tufted and Great Grebes, Southern Screamer, Lake Duck, Black-necked Swan, White-cheeked Pintail, Rosy-billed Pochard, Whistling Heron, Stripe-backed Bittern, Bare-faced and Plumbeous Ibises, Snail Kite, Chimango Caracara, Plumbeous Rail, Spot-flanked Gallinule, White-winged, Red-gartered and Red-fronted Coots, Limpkin, Wattled Jacana, Southern Lapwing, Grey and Brown-hooded Gulls, Picazuro Pigeon, Picui Ground-Dove, Monk Parakeet, Guira Cuckoo, Scissor-tailed Nightjar, Glittering-bellied Emerald, Campo Flicker, Sooty-fronted and Yellow-chinned Spinetails, Wren-like Rushbird, Small-billed Elaenia, Many-coloured Rush-Tyrant, Spectacled and Yellow-browed Tyrants, Rufous-bellied Thrush, Masked Gnatcatcher, White-rumped Swallow, Masked Yellowthroat, Blue-and-yellow Tanager, Long-tailed Reed-finch, Black-and-rufous and Black-capped Warbling-Finches, Great Pampa-Finch, Rusty-collared and Double-collared Seedeaters, Epaulet Oriole, Yellow-winged and Chestnut-capped Blackbirds.


Other Wildlife

Coypu.


Access

The reserve entrance is opposite Estados Unisos on the east side of Avenida Antart Argentina, southeast of the city centre. The Black-headed Duck usually occurs on the larger pools and Rufous-sided Crake near the warden's house.

Accommodation: Crillon (A), Hotel Novel (B).

The Paraná delta, 40 km northwest of Buenos Aires, is one of the few places in the world where Dot-winged Crake occurs, as well as Sulphur-throated Spinetail, Curve-billed Reedhaunter, Many-coloured Rush-Tyrant and Crested Doradito. Curve-billed and Straight-billed Reedhaunters have been recorded at nearby Ing. R. Otamendi Bird the track which runs alongside an overgrown ditch for 1 km behind the railway station.

The thickets, overgrown marshes and remnant woodlands on the shores of Samborombon Bay, southeast of Buenos Aires, en route to San Clemente, support Giant Wood-Rail, Checkered Woodpecker, Short-billed Canastero and Curve-billed Reedhaunter. The area around Attalaya, near Magdalena, 110 km southeast of Buenos Aires, is best. Bird the disused railway track.

The thickets, overgrown marshes and remnant woodlands on the shores of Samborombon Bay, southeast of Buenos Aires, en route to San Clemente, support Giant Wood-Rail, Checkered Woodpecker, Shortbilled Canastero and Curve-billed Reedhaunter. The area around Attalaya, near Magdalena, 110 km southeast of Buenos Aires, is best. Bird the disused railway track.


SAN CLEMENTE Map opposite

This small seaside resort, 330 km southeast of Buenos Aires, is an ideal base from which to explore the pampas grasslands, marshes, coastal dunes and mudflats nearby. The area is a popular birding site for Argentine birders, and there is an observatory on the Punta Rasa peninsula just to the north, a migrant hotspot. Even a short trip into the pampas alone is likely to produce over 100 species in a day.


Specialities

Spotted Nothura1 Dot-winged Crake, American Painted-snipe, Snowy Sheathbill, Olrog's Gull, Snowy-crowned Tern, Golden-breasted Woodpecker, Hudson's Canastero, Bay-capped Wren-Spinetail, Warbling Doradito, White-banded Mockingbird, Red-crested Cardinal, Scarlet-headed Blackbird.


Others

Red-winged Tinamou, Greater Rhea, Great Grebe, Black-browed Albatross, Southern Fulmar, White-chinned Petrel, Southern Screamer, Coscoroba Swan, Chiloe Wigeon, White-cheeked Pintail, Chilean Flamingo, Stripe-backed Bittern, Maguari Stork, Long-winged and Cinereous Harriers, Two-banded Plover, Tawny-throated Dotterel, Guira Cuckoo, White-throated Hummingbird, Campo Flicker, Tufted Tit-Spinetail, Wren-like Rushbird1 Firewood-gatherer, White-tipped Plantcutter, Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet, Small-billed Elaenia, Sooty Tyrannulet, Many-coloured Rush-Tyrant, Spectacled and Yellow-browed Tyrants, Southern Martin, Blue-and-yellow Tanager, Long-tailed Reed-Finch, Double-collared Seedeater, Chestnut-capped Blackbird.


Other Wildlife

Six-banded Armadillo.


Access

Concentrate on birding the peninsula just north of San Clemente, known as Punta Rasa. 2 km after entering the reserve take the left fork for 3 km to the Biological Station, observatory and lighthouse. White-tipped Plantcutter occurs in the scrub, and Hudson's Canastero and Bay-capped Wren-Spinetail in the saltmarsh, usually to the left alongside this road, while White-throated Hummingbird may be found in the small wood, just before the station. Olrog's Gull occurs on the mudflats near here; or take the right fork for 4 km to the point. A small marsh on the left near the point supports Dot-winged Crake and Bay-capped Wren-Spinetail. Punta Rasa can be good for migrants in the austral spring (October–November) and autumn (March–April), and seabirds pass offshore when strong onshore winds are blowing.

San Clemente Port, 4 km from the town centre, next to the marine park (Mundo Marino) is a good site for Olrog's Gull.

Stripe-backed Bittern and American Painted-snipe occur at the Campos del Tuyú Reserve. The entrance is on the north side of the road, 12 km west of San Clemente. The snipe occurs in the marsh on the left, 1 km along the entrance road. The reserve is another 9 km further on and full of birds.

Many-coloured Rush-Tyrant and Warbling Doradito occur at the canal bridge west of General Lavalle (28 km west of San Clemente).

Accommodation: Hotel Fontainbleau (A); Hotel Piedras (San Martín) (C).

Pelagic trips on local fishing boats can be arranged at Necochea, a port 500 km due south of Buenos Aires. Albatrosses and White-chinned Petrel have been recorded on such trips. White-throated Hummingbird occurs in Necochea and Rockhopper Penguins occasionally appear (usually in May) on the beach at Costa Bonita1 16 km to the east.

Accommodation: Hotel Flamingo (C).


ENTRE RÍOS

The rarely visited state of Entre Rios, north of Buenos Aires, supports a number of rare and threatened birds, especially seedeaters. Recent DNA studies suggest that Narosky's Seedeater, endemic to this tiny area, is a subspecies of Marsh Seedeater.


Endemics

Narosky's (Marsh) Seedeater.


Specialities

Spotted Nothura, Giant Wood-Rail, Sickle-winged Nightjar, Golden-breasted Woodpecker, Straight-billed Reedhaunter, Brown Cachalote, Black-and-white Monjita, Red-crested Cardinal, Dark-throated, Marsh, Grey-and-chestnut and Chestnut Seedeaters, Glaucous-blue Grosbeak, Saffron-cowled and Scarlet-headed Blackbirds.


Others

Red-winged Tinamou, Greater Rhea, Southern Screamer, Ringed Teal, Bare-faced Ibis, Striped Owl, Little and Scissor-tailed Nightjars, Suiriri Flycatcher, Many-coloured Rush-Tyrant, Grey Monjita, White-naped Xenopsaris, Long-tailed Reed-Finch, Black-and-rufous and Black-capped Warbling-Finches, Solitary Cacique, Epaulet Oriole, Chestnut-capped and White-browed Blackbirds.


Access

Directions for these sites are scant owing to the sensitive species present. Good sites include El Palmar NP, situated on the Uruguay border and some 400 km north of Buenos Aires. Turn east 45 km north of Colón (route 14) opposite the 'Colón Hotel Palmar' sign. Spotted Nothura and Grey Monjita occur along the 10 km to a fork. Turn right here and bird the marsh 2 km further on, where Brown Cachalote and Chestnut Seedeater occur. The track continues to a river where Scissor-tailed Nightjar occurs. The roadside marshes east of Va Féderal support Greater Rhea, Southern Screamer and Giant Wood-Rail. Goodies including Sickle-winged Nightjar, Black-and-white Monjita, Marsh, Grey-and-chestnut and Narosky's (Marsh) Seedeaters, and Saffron-cowled Blackbird occur in the Puerto Boca wetlands near Gualeguaychu.


(Continues...)

Excerpted from Where to watch birds in South America by Nigel Wheatley. Copyright © 1995 Princeton University Press. Excerpted by permission of PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS.
All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher.
Excerpts are provided by Dial-A-Book Inc. solely for the personal use of visitors to this web site.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements 11
Introduction l
Introduction to Birding in South America 20

Conservation 30

General Tips 32

Glossary 33

Maps 35

ARGENTINA 37

Costanera Sur Ecological Reserve 41

San Clemente 42

Entre Rios 44

Laguna Mar Chiquita 46

Pampa de Achala 48

Icho Cruz 49

Chancani 50

Potrerillos 50

Laguna Horcones 51

Salinas Grander 51

Taffi del Valle 53

Cafayate-Salta Road 54

Palomitas 55

Joaquin V Gonzalez 55

El Rey NP 56

Calilegua NP 57

Salta-Humahuaca Road 58

La Quiaca 60

Lago Pozuelos 60

Iguazu NP 62

San Martin 65

Ibera Marshes 66

Puerto Madryn and Trelew 67

San Antonio Oeste 69

Bariloche 71

Calafate 71

Strobel Plateau 72

Tierra del Fuego 72

Additional Information 75

BOLIVIA 77

Santa Cruz 80

Samaipata 81

Comarapa and Tambo 82

Siberia 84

Siberia-Cochabamba Road 84

Incallajta Ruins 85

Okinawa 1 and 2 86

Buena Vista 87

Sajta 88

Villa Tunari 89

Villa Tunari-Cochabamba Road 89

Laguna Alalay 92

Quillacollo Road 92

Lake Uru-Uru 93

La Paz-Coroico Road 95

Sorata 97

Beni Biological Stn. 98

Noel Kempff Mercado NP 98

Additional Information 99

BRAZIL 101

Rio de Janeiro 104

Serra dos Orgaos 105

Itatiaia NP 107

Ubatuba Area 110

Iguacu Falls 112

Aparados da Serra NP 113

Mostardas Peninsula 115

Rio Grande 116

Uruguaiana 117

Serra da Canastra NP 118

Serra do Cipo NP 120

Rio Doce State Park 122

Nova Lombardia Biological Reserve 124

Sooretama Biological Reserve 125

Monte Pascoal NP 126

Porto Seguro 127

Boa Nova 128

Canudos 130

Parque Estadual da Pedra Talhada 131

Brasilia NP 134

Emas NP 135

Chapada dos Guimaraes NP 136

The Pantanal 137

Rondonia 140

Tabatinga 142

Manaus 143

Amazonia (Tapajos NP) 146

Carajas 147

North of the Amazon 148

Additional Information 149

CHILE 155

Santiago Area 158

Lake Penuelas 160

Valparaiso 160

Valparaiso-Zapallar Road 161

Cerro La Campana NP 161

Arica 163

Putre 165

Lauca NP 166

Nahuelbuta NP 169

Vicente Perez Rosales NP 171

Puyehue NP 172

Chiloe Island 172

Puma Arenas and Tierra del Fuego 173

Juan Fernandez Islands NP 175

Easter Island 176

Additional Information 176

COLOMBIA 177

San Lorenzo Ridge - Santa Marta Mountains 180

Tayrona NP 182

Riohacha 183

Santa Matta-Barranquilla Road 183

Salamanca NP Igq

Los Katios NP 185

Parque La Florida 186

Choachi 186

Laguna de Sonso Reserve 188

Cali-Buenaventura Road 189

Pichinde Valley 191

Munchique NP 191

Purace NP 193

San Agustin 193

Cueva de los Guacharos NP 194

Garzon-Florencia Road 194

Pasto-Mocoa Road 195

La Planada NR 196

Rio Nambi NR 198

Rio Blanco 199

Amacayacu NP 201

Additional Information 202

ECUADOR 205

The Nono-Mindo Road and Mindo 210

Yanacocha 214

El Placer 215

Chiriboga (Old Santo Domingo) Road 218

Pasochoa Forest Reserve 219

Cotopaxi NP 220

Papallacta Pass-Baeza Road 221

Coca (San Rafael) Falls 223

Baeza-Tena Road and Tena 224

Loreto Road 226

Cuyabeno Reserve 227

La Selva 230

Panacocha 232

Tinalandia 234

Rio Palenque Science Centre 235

Machalilla NP 236

Santa Elena Peninsula 239

Cerro Blanco (Chongon Hills) 240

Las Cajas National Recreation Area 241

Gualaceo-Macas Road 243

Loja-Zamora Road 245

Podocarpus NP (North) 248

Buenaventura (Pinas) 251

Celica 253

Additional Information 254

THE FALKLAND ISLANDS 256

Stanley 258

Kidney Island 258

Volunteer Point 259

Pebble Island 260

West Falkland 260

Sea Lion Island 261

Sea Crossing to Uruguay 261

Additional Information 262

THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 263

At Sea 266

Fernandina 266

Floreana 267

Hood 267

Isabela 267

James 268

San Cristobal 269

Santa Cruz 269

Tower 270

Additional Information 270

GUYANA 272

Georgetown 274

Emerald Towers 275

Shanklands 276

Timberhead 276

Kanuku Mountains 278

Rupunini Savanna 278

Iwokrama Forest 279

Additional Information 279

GUYANE 281

Cayenne 283

Kaw 284

Saint Georges 284

Sinnamary 285

Mana 285

Saint Elie 286

Nouragues 287

Saul 287

Additional Information 288

NETHERLAND ANTILLES 289

Aruba 291

Curaao 291

Bonaire 292

Additional Information 292

PARAGUAY 293

Asuncion 295

Ybicui NP 297

Estancia La Colondrina PNR 299

Estancia San Antonio PNR 299

Reserva Natural del Bosque Mbaracayu 300

La Golondrina PNR 301

Fstancia Itabo PNR 301

Concepcion 302

Filadelfia 303

Additional Information 303

PERU 305

Lima 308

Lima-La Oroya Road 309

Carpish Pass (Huanuco-Tingo Maria Road) 312

Tingo Maria 314

Iquitos 316

Trujillo-Chiclayo Circuit 317

Yungay 322

Paracas NP and Pisco 323

Abancay 325

Machu Picchu 326

Abra Malaga 328

Cuzco-Manu Road 330

Amazonia Lodge 333

Manu Lodge 334

Tambopata Reserve 335

Arequipa 337

Arequipa-Puno Road 340

Additional Information 341

SURINAME 345

Paramaribo 347

Brownsberg 347

Voltzberg-Raleigh Falls Reserve 348

A Selection of Species 349

Additional Information 350

TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO 351

Asa Wright Nature Centre 353

Caroni Swamp 355

Cerro del Aripo 356

Wallerfield 357

Nariva Swamp 357

Tobago 358

Additional Information 360

URUGUAY 361

Montevideo-Chuy-Minas Circuit 364

Additional Information 365

VENEZUELA 366

Caracas 369

Colonia Tovar 369

Guatapo NP 370

Henri Pittier NP 371

Chichiviriche 374

Paraguana Peninsula 374

Barquisimeto 375

Santo Domingo Valley 376

Pico Humboldt Trail 379

La Azulita Road 380

Encontrados Road 381

San Juan de Colon 381

Paramo de Tama 382

The Llanos 384

Amazonas 388

Cerro de Humo 389

Cueva de Los Guacharos NP 392

Imataca Forest Reserve and El Dorado 393

The Fscalera 397

Additional Information 399

ANTARCTICA 402

Falklands-South Georgia Crossing 403

South Georgia 404

South Orkney Islands 405

South Shetland Islands 405

South Shetland Islands-Antarctica (Tossing 405

Antarctica-Cape Horn Crossing 406

Additional Information 406

Calendar 408

Useful Addresses 409

Useful General Books 410

Request 411

Index of Species 412

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