Women and Crime: A Reference Handbook

Women and Crime: A Reference Handbook

by Judith Ann Warner
Women and Crime: A Reference Handbook

Women and Crime: A Reference Handbook

by Judith Ann Warner

Hardcover

$75.00 
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Overview

Drawing on government data and interdisciplinary expertise, this timely book seeks to explain why the changing economic and legal status of women has not reduced the gender gap in criminal offending.

Women and Crime: A Reference Handbook examines how women's patterns of offending have changed over time in America, from the Colonial period to the present. The book sets the stage with a historical overview of women's criminal activity. Subsequent chapters cover such topics as changes in women's status and patterns of offending; the impact of childhood abuse on the development of criminality; and how changes in law, the War on Drugs, and other crime policy have, in fact, increased the frequency of women's imprisonment and arrests. International issues, such as legalization of prostitution, sex trafficking, and women's involvement in organized crime, including drug cartels, are also explored.

Each chapter examines theory, research, law, policy, and key players in the evolving response to women's crime patterns. Throughout the work, the author links women's status, victimization, and offending patterns, and suggests how crime control policy, far from saving women, is increasingly making it impossible for female offenders to live on the outside.


Product Details

ISBN-13: 9781598844238
Publisher: Bloomsbury Academic
Publication date: 07/19/2012
Series: Contemporary World Issues
Pages: 360
Product dimensions: 6.30(w) x 9.10(h) x 1.30(d)

About the Author

Judith A. Warner, PhD, is professor of sociology and criminal justice at Texas A&M International University, Laredo, TX.

Table of Contents

List of Tables xiii

Preface xv

1 History and Background 1

Introduction 1

Patriarchal Tradition: Greece, Rome, and Judeo-Christian Law 2

Colonial and Revolutionary America: The 16th Century to 1776 5

Emergence of the United States: 1776 through the Antebellum Period 8

1890s-1930: The Progressive Era 18

1930s-1967: The Medical Model and Treatment Era 22

1967-1980: The Community-Based Era 24

1980s-Present: The Crime Control Model and Prison Warehousing 26

Conclusion 30

References 31

2 Problems, Controversies, and Solutions 37

Social Control and Reduced Women's Offending 37

Violent Offending and Victimization 40

Gendered Patterns of Victimization 40

What Pathways Lead Girls and Women to Crime? 44

What Are Causes and Correlates of Girls' Juvenile Offending? 48

Gender Gap in Offending 52

Why Are Certain Crimes More Likely to Be Committed by Men? 55

Are Female Murderers Always "Mad or Bad"? 56

Typology of Female Homicide Offenders 56

Are Girls Becoming More Violent? 59

Women's Drug Offending 66

Social Strain and Drug-Related Nonviolent Crime 68

Child Maltreatment: Sexual Abuse 69

Criminalization of Drug Use by Pregnant Women 71

Is Sex Work/Prostitution a Victimless Crime? 71

What Is the Impact of Increasing Women's Imprisonment? 76

How Does Women's Imprisonment Affect Children? 82

Did Women's Equality Decrease the Gender Ratio of Crime? 83

Solutions 86

Mandatory Minimum Sentencing Reform 86

What Are the Alternatives to Incarceration? 87

Gender-Sensitive Strategies 88

Against Women's Violent and Sexual Victimization 91

References 92

3 The Globalization of Women's Crime and Victimization 101

Transnational Drug Trafficking and Women Offenders 102

Criminalization of Prostitution 105

Partial Decriminalization and Legalization of Prostitution in Europe 106

Global Lockdown of Women 106

International Women's Victimization 109

Human Trafficking and Slavery 109

Violence against Women and International Advocacy 119

Femicide 121

Domestic Violence and Homicide 123

Female Genital Mutilation 125

Honor Killings 131

Social Harm and Human Rights Solutions 134

References 135

4 Chronology 141

Antiquity and the Origins of Patriarchy: 10,000 BCE-500 BCE 141

Republican Rome: 509 BC-27 BC 141

Dominate: AD 284-476 (Western Empire); AD 284-565 (Eastern Empire) 141

Middle Ages: 501-1500 142

Early Modern Period: 1501-1800 (Colonial and Early America) 142

The Spread of Industrialization: 1801-1890 143

The Progressive Era: 1890s-1930 148

The Medical Model and Treatment Era: 1930s-1970 149

Community-Based Era: 1967-1980 151

Crime Control and Prison Warehousing Era: 1980s-Present 152

5 Biographies 159

Freda Adler (1934-) 159

Polly Adler (1900-1962) 160

Casey Anthony (1986-) 160

Kevin Bales (1952-) 162

Arizona Donnie Clark Barker (1872-1935) 162

Sandra "La Reina del Pacifico (Queen of the Pacific)" Avila Beltran (1960-) 163

Mukhtaran Bibi (1972-) 164

Sidney Biddle Barrow (1952-) 164

Myra Colby Bradwell (1831-1894) 165

Pat Brown (1955-) 165

Laura Bullion (1876-1961) 166

Bonnie Campbell (1948-) 166

Hillary Rodham Clinton (1947-) 167

Meda Chesney-Lind (1947-) 167

Sharon Cooper, MD (1952-) 168

Dorothea Dix (1802-1887) 168

Jaycee Dugard (1980-) 169

Melissa Farley (1942-) 169

Lea Weingarten Fastow (1961-) 170

Heidi Fleiss (1966-) 170

Mary Frith (1584-1659) 171

Jean Harris (1923-) 171

Kamala Harris (1964-) 172

Patty Hearst (1954-) 172

Leona Helmsley (1920-2007) 173

Shauntay Henderson (1982-) 173

Donna M. Hughes (1954-) 174

Ruth Joan Bader Ginsberg (1933-) 174

Jessica Lenahan (formerly Gonzales; 1966-) 175

Elena Kagan (1960-) 176

Sunitha Krishnan (1969-) 176

Somaly Mam (1970 or 1971-) 176

Blanche Moore (1933-) 177

Susan Murphy-Milano (1958-) 178

Chouchou Namegabe (1978-) 178

Sandra Day O'Connor (1930-) 179

Bonnie Parker (1911-1934) 179

Kathleen Reichs (1950-) 180

Janet Wood Reno (1938-) 180

Ethel Rosenberg (1915-1955) 181

Malika Saada Saar 181

Robin Sax (1971-) 182

Mana al Sharif (1979-) 182

Rita J. Simon (1931-) 182

Sonia Maria Sotomayor (1954-) 183

Susan Smith (1971-) 183

Martha Stewart (1941-) 184

Karla Faye Tucker (1959-1998) 185

Christina S. Walters (1979-) 185

Aileen Wuornos (1956-2002) 186

Andrea Yates (1965-) 186

6 Data and Documents 189

The Dark Figure of Crime: Issues in Interpretation of Crime Data 189

Uniform Crime Report Definitions 189

Women and the Crime Rate 190

Violent Crimes 191

Nonviolent Crimes 193

Public Order Crimes 196

Race and Sex of Homicide and Rape Offenders 196

Increasing Women's Imprisonment Despite Crime Decline 197

Gendered and Racial Disparities in Imprisonment 198

Aging Out and Desistance 199

Incarcerated Noncitizen Women 200

Women and the Law 202

English Common Law Doctrine of Coverture 202

Mann Act of 1910 203

United Nations Declaration of Human Rights (1948) 204

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 210

Women's Rate of Victimization in the United States 212

Rape 216

Violence against Women and Department of Justice Reauthorization Act of 2005 217

Sex Trafficking 228

Torture Definition and Prostitution 228

Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA) 229

Female Genital Circumcision in U.S. Criminal Law 241

7 Directory of Organizations and Government Agencies 243

U.S. Agencies and Organizations 243

National Information Organizations 251

International Organizations 257

International Advocacy Organizations 261

National Advocacy Organizations 263

Prison Advocacy Organizations 265

Domestic Violence Advocacy Organizations 267

Prostitution/Sex Work Advocacy Organizations 269

Human/Sex Trafficking Advocacy Organizations 273

Sex Offenders and Missing/Exploited Children Advocacy 275

Nonprofit Organizations 277

Women in Prison and Sentencing Law Reform 280

Human Rights 281

Domestic Violence 282

Culturally Competent Responses to Domestic Violence 286

Think Tanks 289

8 Print and Nonprint Resources 291

Books and Articles 291

General Works 291

History of Women and Crime 292

Women's Patterned Offending 293

Minority Women's Criminal Offending 295

Adolescent Girl's Offending 295

History of Women's Victimization 296

Women's Victimization 296

Journals 297

Feminist Criminology 297

Women and Criminal Justice 298

Victimization Hotlines 298

Internet Resources 298

International Organizations and Internet Resources 300

Documentaries 302

History of Women and the Law 302

Women Offenders 303

Homicide 303

Drug Trafficking and Use 304

Prostitution 304

Human/Sex Trafficking 306

Juvenile Delinquency 309

Women in Prison: Offenders and Workers 310

Women's Victimization 312

Glossary 315

Index 321

About the Author 339

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