And Timothy [kai Timotheos]. Timothy is with Paul, having been sent on to Macedonia from Ephesus (Ac 19:22). He is in no sense co-author any more than Sosthenes was in 1Co 1:1. In all Achaia [en holei tei Achaiai]. The Romans divided Greece into two provinces (Achaia and Macedonia). Macedonia included also Illyricum, Epirus, and Thessaly. Achaia was all of Greece south of this (both Attica and the Peloponnesus). The restored Corinth was made the capital of Achaia where the pro-consul resided (Ac 18:12). He does not mention other churches in Achaia outside of the one in Corinth, but only "saints" [hagiois]. Athens was in Achaia, but it is not clear that there was as yet a church there, though some converts had been won (Ac 17:34), and there was a church in Cenchreae, the eastern port of Corinth (Ro 16:1). Paul in 2Co 9:2 speaks of Achaia and Macedonia together. His language here would seem to cover the whole [holei], all) of Achaia in his scope and not merely the environment around Corinth.
