All of the above are associated with the Art of Bonsai. If you are seeking a new hobby outside of the normal garden variety, this might be an option for you.
The history of bonsai is left to interpretation. One school of thought says it originated in Japan, some say Korea but the generally accepted history lays claim to China, during the Han Dynasty (206 B.C. - 220 A.D.)
That same school of thought shows the migration to Japan during the Heian period (794 - 1191A.D.) and the eventual western delivery began in the late 1800s to early 1900s in Europe.
Regardless of what school of thought you might prefer, the Art of Bonsai represents a significant following for those who are seeking a peaceful outlook for ones creativity.