Table of Contents
PREFACE xv
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xvii
ABOUT THE COMPANION WEBSITE xix
INTRODUCTION 1
UNIT I AGENTS IMMUNITY AND AGENCIES 5
1 Bacteria Toxins and Viruses 7
1.1 Bacteria 7
1.2 Toxins 15
1.3 Viruses 17
1.4 Genetic Engineering 21
Chapter 1 Summary 23
Chapter 1: Review Questions 24
2 The Human Immune System 27
2.1 The Defense 27
2.2 The Offense 29
Chapter 2 Summary 35
Chapter 2 Review Questions 36
3 Defense Agencies 37
3.1 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (www.cdc.gov) 37
3.2 The World Health Organization (www.who.int) 40
3.3 The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (www.usamriid.army.mil) 42
3.4 The United States Department of Homeland Security (www.dhs.gov) 45
3.5 The Biological Toxins and Weapons Convention (www.un.org.disarmament/WMD/Bio/) 47
Chapter 3 Summary 48
Chapter 3 Review Questions 49
UNIT I REVIEW 51
UNIT II BACTERIA 53
4 Anthrax 55
4.1 The Agent 56
4.2 Symptoms 60
4.3 Treatment 63
4.4 History 65
Chapter 4 Summary 71
Chapter 4 Review Questions 72
References 73
5 Plague 75
5.1 The Agent 76
5.2 Symptoms 79
5.3 Treatment 81
5.4 History 82
Chapter 5 Summary 87
Chapter 5 Review Questions 88
References 89
6 Tularemia 91
6.1 The Agent 92
6.2 Symptoms 94
6.3 Treatment 97
6.4 History 98
Chapter 6 Summary 100
Chapter 6 Review Questions 101
References 102
7 Cholera 103
7.1 The Agent 104
7.2 Symptoms 107
7.3 Treatment 109
7.4 History 110
Chapter 7 Summary 113
Chapter 7 Review Questions 114
References 115
UNIT II REVIEW 117
UNIT III TOXINS 119
8 Ricin 121
8.1 The Agent 122
8.2 Symptoms 125
8.3 Treatment 127
8.4 History 128
Chapter 8 Summary 130
Chapter 8 Review Questions 131
References 132
9 Botulinum Toxin 135
9.1 The Agent 137
9.2 Symptoms 139
9.3 Treatment 144
9.4 History 145
Chapter 9 Summary 147
Chapter 9 Review Questions 148
References 149
10 Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B 151
10.1 The Agent 152
10.2 Symptoms 153
10.3 Treatment 156
10.4 History 156
Chapter 10 Summary 158
Chapter 10 Review Questions 158
References 159
UNIT III REVIEW 161
UNIT IV VIRUSES 163
11 Ebola 165
11.1 The Agent 166
11.2 Symptoms 169
11.3 Treatment 170
11.4 History 171
Chapter 11 Summary 174
Chapter 11 Review Questions 176
References 177
12 Smallpox 179
12.1 The Agent 180
12.2 Symptoms 182
12.3 Treatment 187
12.4 History 188
Chapter 12 Summary 194
Chapter 12 Review Questions 196
References 196
13 Hantavirus 199
13.1 The Agent 200
13.2 Symptoms 202
13.3 Treatment 205
13.4 History 205
Chapter 13 Summary 207
Chapter 13 Review Questions 208
References 209
14 Viral Encephalitis 211
14.1 The Agent 212
14.2 Symptoms 214
14.3 Treatment 216
14.4 History 216
Chapter 14 Summary 218
Chapter 14 Review Questions 219
References 219
15 Nipah Virus 221
15.1 The Agent 222
15.2 Symptoms 223
15.3 Treatment 225
15.4 History 225
Chapter 15 Summary 227
Chapter 15 Review Questions 228
References 228
16 Lassa Fever 231
16.1 The Agent 232
16.2 Symptoms 234
16.3 Treatment 235
16.4 History 235
Chapter 16 Summary 239
Chapter 16 Review Questions 240
References 241
17 Marburg Virus 243
17.1 The Agent 244
17.2 Symptoms 246
17.3 Treatment 247
17.4 History 248
Chapter 17 Summary 252
Chapter 17 Review Questions 253
References 254
UNIT IV REVIEW 255
18 Looking Ahead: Policies Procedures and Prevention 259
18.1 Policies and Procedures 259
18.2 Prevention 266
Chapter 18 Summary 267
Chapter 18 Review Questions 268
References 269
APPENDICES 271
Appendix I Field Identification of Biological Warfare Agents (FIBWA) 273
Appendix II Biological Agent Identification and Counterterrorism Training (BAIT) 279
Appendix III Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating Poisonous or Other Gases and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare (1925 Geneva Convention) 285
Appendix IV Convention on the Prohibition of the Development Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction 287
Appendix V States Parties Signatories and States not Members of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention 291
Appendix VI The Evidence Implicating Ivins Excerpt
From: Amerithrax Investigative Summary 295
ANSWERS TO CHAPTER REVIEW QUESTIONS
AND UNIT REVIEWS 305
GLOSSARY 319
INDEX 331
