Table of Contents

Woodhead Publishing Series in Electronic and Optical Materials

Dedication

Preface

Part I: Materials and properties of printed films

Chapter 1: Technologies for printed films

Abstract:

1.1 Introduction: printed films in microelectronics

1.2 From thick-films and hybrids to printed electronics

1.3 Other systems

1.4 Conclusion

Chapter 2: Materials for printed films

Abstract:

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Active phases

2.3 Deposition medium – vehicle

2.4 Glasses and glass ceramics

2.5 Substrates

2.6 Conclusion

Chapter 3: Materials Science concepts for printed films

Abstract:

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Interactions of conducting materials with the organic vehicle at room temperature

3.3 Redox reactions

3.4 Chemical diffusion-related interactions during the firing cycle

3.5 Sintering, grain growth and Ostwald ripening

3.6 Reactivity interactions in other systems

3.7 The Kirkendall effect

3.8 Conclusions and future trends

Chapter 4: Properties of printed films as electrical components and metallization of solar cells

Abstract:

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Thick-film resistors

4.3 Conductors

4.4 Dielectrics

Chapter 5: Conduction mechanisms in printed thick-film resistors

Abstract:

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Current understanding of the conduction mechanism in thick-film resistors

5.3 Conclusion and future trends

Chapter 6: Multilayer low-temperature co-fired ceramic systems incorporating a thick-film printing process

Abstract:

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Low-temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) compositions

6.3 LTCC manufacturing methods

6.4 An overview of LTCC applications

6.5 Future trends

6.6 Sources of further information

Part II: Applications of printed films in devices

Chapter 7: Printed resistive sensors for physical quantities

Abstract:

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Temperature sensors

7.3 Piezoresistive properties and related sensors

7.4 Magnetoresistive effects and sensors

7.5 Radiant sensors

7.6 Potentiometric sensors

7.7 Conclusion and future trends

Chapter 8: Printed thick-film capacitive sensors

Abstract:

8.1 Introduction

8.2 General concepts

8.3 Configurations and technologies

8.4 Capacitive sensing based on geometrical variations

8.5 Capacitive sensing based on permittivity variations

8.6 Examples of devices and their applications

8.7 Conclusion and future trends

8.8 Sources of further information

Chapter 9: Printed thick-film piezoelectric and pyroelectric sensors

Abstract:

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Piezoelectricity, pyroelectricity and ferroelectricity

9.3 Basic theory and relationships of the piezoelectric effect

9.4 Thick-films based on ferroelectric inorganic compounds

9.5 Piezoelectric sensors

9.6 Pyroelectric sensors

9.7 Future trends

9.8 Sources of further information

9.9 Acknowledgments

Chapter 10: Printed thick-film mechanical microsystems (MEMS)

Abstract:

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Printed films with silicon MEMS

10.3 Printed films with ceramic MEMS

10.4 Conclusion and future trends

Chapter 11: Printed semiconducting gas sensors

Abstract

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Principles of operation and modeling

11.3 Functional materials

11.4 Morphological, structural and electrical properties

11.5 Applications

11.6 Future trends

11.7 Acknowledgments

Chapter 12: Printed gas sensors based on electrolytes

Abstract:

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Solid electrolytes

12.3 Potentiometric sensors

12.4 Thermodynamically controlled sensors

12.5 Sensors controlled by both thermodynamics and kinetics

12.6 Amperometric sensors

12.7 NOx sensing device, associating upstream oxygen pumping with potentiometric and amperometric operating principles

12.8 Conclusion and possible future trends

Chapter 13: Printed thick-film biosensors

Abstract:

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Pharmaceutical and medical applications of thick-film biosensors

13.3 Environmental applications of screen-printed electrodes

13.4 Conclusions

13.6 Acknowledgements

Chapter 14: Printed actuators

Abstract:

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Films as actuators

14.3 Actuation mechanisms

14.4 Piezoelectric actuators

14.5 Piezoelectric actuator fabrication

14.6 Processing–properties–microstructure interrelationship

14.7 Conclusion and future trends

Chapter 15: Printed heater elements

Abstract:

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Materials for heater fabrication

15.3 Heater designs

15.4 Heaters for sensor and actuator applications

15.5 Conclusion

Chapter 16: Screen-printing for the fabrication of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC)

Abstract:

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Fuel cells: principle, types and challenges (Hoogers, 2003; Larminie, 2000)

16.3 Electrolytes

16.4 Electrodes

16.5 Single-chamber SOFCs

16.6 Micro single-chamber SOFCs

16.7 Conclusion and trends

Chapter 17: Printed varistors

Abstract:

17.1 Introduction

17.2 The varistor action

17.3 Composition, preparation and microstructure of ceramic ZnO-based varistors

17.4 Printing process in varistors fabrication

17.5 Multilayer varistors

17.6 Screen-printed and fired thick-film varistors

17.7 Progress in the development of ZnO-based thick-films and tape-casted varistors

17.8 Microstructural and electrical characterization of ZnO-based varistors prepared by screen printing and tape casting

17.9 Conclusion

17.10 Acknowledgements

Chapter 18: Laser-printed micro- and meso-scale power generating devices

Abstract:

18.1 Introduction

18.2 Background to laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT)

18.3 Laser transfer of complex rheological systems

18.4 Laser-printed micro-power sources

18.5 Laser-printed embedded micro-power sources

18.6 Challenges and opportunities

18.7 Conclusion and future trends

18.8 Acknowledgements

Chapter 19: Printed polymer solar cells

Abstract:

19.1 Introduction

19.2 Printing and coating methods

19.3 Manufacturing methods for complete polymer solar cells

19.4 Applications and demonstrations of polymer solar cells

19.5 Conclusions and future trends

19.6 Acknowledgements

Index