Complete, Unabridged Guide to Amino acid. Get the information you need--fast! This comprehensive guide offers a thorough view of key knowledge and detailed insight. It's all you need.
Here's part of the content - you would like to know it all? Delve into this book today!..... : These are all L-stereoisomers (left handed isomers) although a few D-amino acids (right handed) occur in bacterial envelopes and some antibiotics. 20 of the 22 proteinogenic amino acids are known as standard amino acids-those found in human beings and other eukaryotes, and which are encoded directly within the universal genetic code.
...Cysteine is unusual since it has a sulfur atom at the second position in its side-chain, which has a larger atomic mass than the groups attached to the first carbon, which is attached to the a-carbon in the other standard amino acids, thus the (R) instead of (S).
...Thus, at pH between 2. 2 and 9. 4, the predominant form adopted by a-amino acids contains a negative carboxylate and a positive a-ammonium group, as shown in structure (2) on the right, so has net zero charge.
... Since 2001, 40 non-natural amino acids have been added into protein by creating a unique codon (recoding) and a corresponding transfer-RNA:aminoacyl - tRNA-synthetase pair to encode it with diverse physicochemical and biological properties in order to be used as a tool to exploring protein structure and function or to create novel or enhanced proteins.
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Inside the Guide: Amino acid, Cell wall, Cell (biology), Catecholamine, Catabolism, Carnitine, Carboxylic acid, Carboxylation, Carbon dioxide, Carbon, Canavanine, Branched chain aminotransferase, Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex, Brain, Biosynthesis, Biopolymer, Biology, Biochemistry, Beta-peptide, Bacteria, Aspartic acid, Aspartate transaminase, Aspartame, Asparagus, Asparagine synthetase, Asparagine, Asparaginase, Arylformamidase, Arginine, Archaea, Amphoterism, Ammonia, Aminomuconate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, Aminocarboxymuconate-semialdehyde decarboxylase, Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase, Amino acid synthesis, Amino acid neurotransmitter, Amino acid dating, Amine, Alpha and beta carbon, alpha-Ketoglutaric acid, Allysine, Alloprotein, Aldehyde dehydrogenase 4 family, member A1, Alanine transaminase, Alanine, Alamethicin, Agmatinase, Adolph Strecker, Adenosylhomocysteinase, Adenosine triphosphate, Acylation, Acetyl-CoA, ATC code A16, ADP-ribosylation, 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, 3-hydroxyanthranilate oxidase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase, 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase
