Applications and Investigations in Earth Science / Edition 9

by Edward Tarbuck, Frederick Lutgens, Dennis Tasa

Overview

For introductory Earth Science lab courses.

Explore Earth’s systems with flexible, hands-on exercises

Designed to accompany Tarbuck and Lutgens' Earth Science and Foundations of Earth Science, this manual can also be used for any Earth science lab course and in conjunction with any text. It minimizes the need for faculty instruction in the lab, freeing instructors to interact directly with students. Widely praised for its concise coverage and dynamic illustrations by Dennis Tasa, the text contains twenty-four step-by-step exercises that reinforce major topics in geology, oceanography, meteorology, and astronomy.

The 9th Edition features a new lab on Volcanism and Volcanic Hazards, new Mastering™ Geology Project Condor videos, Mobile Field Trips, and MapMaster 2.0 interactive maps—all to boost student understanding of Earth’s processes. This versatile and adaptable collection of introductory-level laboratory experiences goes beyond the textto examine the basic principles and concepts of the Earth sciences through strong examples and dynamic media

Also available packaged with Mastering Geology or as an easy-to-use, standalone Pearson eText

Mastering™ is the teaching and learning platform that empowers you to reach every student. By combining trusted author content with digital tools developed to engage students and emulate the office-hour experience, Mastering personalizes learning and often improves results for each student. With a wide range of activities available, students can actively learn, understand, and retain even the most difficult Earth Science concepts.

Pearson eText allows educators to easily share their own notes with students so they see the connection between their reading and what they learn in class—motivating them to keep reading, and keep learning. Portable access lets students study on the go, even offline. And, reading analytics offer insight into how students use the eText, helping educators tailor their instruction.

Note: You are purchasing a standalone product; Mastering Geology and Pearson eText do not come packaged with this content. Students, if interested in purchasing this title with Mastering Geology or Pearson eText, ask your instructor for the correct package ISBN and Course ID. Instructors, contact your Pearson representative for more information.

If you would like to purchase both the physical text and Mastering Geology, search for:

0134748360 / 9780134748368 Applications and Investigations in Earth Science Plus Mastering Geology with Pearson eText — Access Card Package, 9/e

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• 0134746244 / 9780134746241 Applications and Investigations in Earth Science
• 0134747143 / 9780134747149 Mastering Geology with Pearson eText — ValuePack Access Card — for Applications and Investigations in Earth Science

If you would like to purchase the standalone Pearson eText, search for:

• 0135213185 / 9780135213186 Pearson eText Applications and Investigations in Earth Science — Access Card
  

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• 0135213177 / 9780135213179 Pearson eText Applications and Investigations in Earth Science — Instant Access

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780134746241
Publisher:	Pearson Education
Publication date:	02/05/2018
Edition description:	New Edition
Pages:	400
Product dimensions:	9.00(w) x 10.90(h) x 0.85(d)

About the Author

Fred Lutgens and Ed Tarbuck have been good friends and colleagues since 1970. Between them, they have more than 57 years of experience teaching geology to undergraduates, and both have been recognized with awards as excellent and inspiring professors. They share a special interest in introducing geology to beginning students and a belief in the value of field experiences for students of all levels.

Lutgens and Tarbuck published their first college text, Earth Science, in 1976. That book, winner of the McGuffy Award from the Text and Academic Authors Association, is now going into its 15th edition. In 1983, as the 1st edition of Earth was being prepared, gifted geology illustrator Dennis Tasa joined the author team. Since then the three have collaborated on more than 20 projects. Not only do Tarbuck, Lutgens, and Tasa work well together creatively, they also enjoy spending time in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains near Tasa's New Mexico studio.

Tarbuck enjoys downhill skiing in Colorado, fly fishing near his childhood home in Northern Minnesota, and spending time in the Cascades. Lutgens is an avid runner, and when he can make the time, truly enjoys hiking the canyons of the Colorado Plateau. Although Lutgens and Tarbuck think alike on many issues, they don't agree on everything. Lutgens is devoted to jazz and classical music, whereas Tarbuck prefers pop artists or a good country station.

Table of Contents

• Exercise 1. The Study of Minerals
• Exercise 2. Rocks and the Rock Cycle
• Exercise 3. Plate Tectonics
• Exercise 4. Earthquakes and Earth's Interior
• Exercise 5. Volcanism and Volcanic Hazards
• Exercise 6. Geologic Maps, Block Diagrams, and Rock Structures
• Exercise 7. Aerial Photographs, Satellite Images, and Topographic Maps
• Exercise 8. Shaping Earth's Surface: Running Water and Groundwater
• Exercise 9. Shaping Earth's Surface: Arid and Glacial Landscapes
• Exercise 10. Geologic Time

• Exercise 11. Introduction to Oceanography
• Exercise 12. Waves, Currents, and Tides

• Exercise 13. Earth-Sun Relationships
• Exercise 14. Heating the Atmosphere
• Exercise 15. Atmospheric Moisture, Pressure, and Wind
• Exercise 16. Air Masses, Midlatitude Cyclones, and Weather Maps
• Exercise 17. Global Climates

• Exercise 18. Astronomical Observations
• Exercise 19. Patterns in the Solar System
• Exercise 20. Locating the Planets
• Exercise 21. Exercise A mining the Terrestrial Planets
• Exercise 22. Motions of the Earth-Moon System

• Exercise 23. Location and Distance on Earth
• Exercise 24. The Metric System, Measurements, and Scientific Inquiry

Introduction

Earth is a very small part of a vast universe, but it is our home. It provides the resources to carry on a modern society and the ingredients necessary to support life. Therefore, a knowledge and understanding of our planet is critical to our economic and social welfare and, indeed, vital to our survival.

In recent years, media reports have made us increasingly aware of our place in the universe and the forces at work in our physical environment, as well as how human interaction with natural systems can often upset a delicate equilibrium. News stories inform us of new discoveries in the solar system and beyond. Daily reports remind us of the destruction created by hurricanes, flooding, mudflows, and earthquakes. We have been made aware of the depletion of ozone, an increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere caused by human activities, and growing environmental concerns over the fate of the oceans. To comprehend, prepare for, and solve these and other concerns requires a full awareness of how science is done and the scientific principles that govern the operation of Earth.

To achieve scientific understanding requires not only a knowledge and appreciation of broad scientific theories but also the ability to gather scientific data and to solve problems creatively with critical reasoning skills. As part of the educational process, laboratory experience is essential to developing these competencies. In the laboratory, nature can be explored, principles examined, and hypotheses developed, tested, and compared with experimental data. It is often in the laboratory that understanding begins.

Applications and Investigations in Earth Science is anintroductory-level laboratory manual consisting of twenty-two exercises designed to examine many of the basic principles of geology, meteorology, oceanography, and astronomy. The format of each of the exercises is the same. Each investigation includes

• Statement of Purpose that outlines the major topics) to be investigated in the exercise.
• Objectives that clearly state what should be learned by completing the exercise.
• Materials other than the text, paper, and pencil that are needed and supplied by the student. Also indicated are those materials that are supplied by the instructor and should be located in the laboratory.
• Terms are the key words that are shown in bold type in order of appearance in the exercise. In some cases the terms are defined within the exercise. Those that are not defined can be located in the text and/or class notes.
• Introduction that briefly discusses the material to be investigated. In most instances, a more detailed discussion can be found in the appropriate chapter of the text. This material should be read and reviewed prior to beginning the exercise.
• Questions and Problems that investigate and apply the principles examined in the exercise. The questions require various levels of understanding and build from basic comprehension to more demanding applications. When necessary, adequate space has been provided after each question so that the answer can be recorded for future reference.
• Investigations using the Internet explores the vast World Wide Web (WWW) of resources that are available to conduct both historical and real-time Earth science studies. These web-based activities are found on the manual's companion web site.
• Review that systematically presents the main points of the exercise that have been investigated and developed.
• Summary/Report Page located at the end of each exercise to be filled out after each exercise is completed. Most of the information requested will have been examined and answered in the exercise. Your laboratory instructor may require that a copy of the Summary/Report page be submitted for evaluation.

A Note to the Student. The purpose of Applications and Investigations in Earth Science is to assist you in understanding the basic concepts of Earth science that are presented in most introductory courses by providing the experience of participation. Often, simply being told that something is true is not enough. However, the opportunity to collect facts, examine information, and draw conclusions in a scientific manner frequently results in comprehension. Learning is much more than the accumulation of knowledge; it is also the understanding that comes from "doing." In the laboratory we hope you will refine the critical and creative thinking skills that are vital to your effective participation in a modern society.

Each of the manual's exercises is self-contained and will require approximately two hours to complete. However, your instructor may not follow the exercises in the order presented in the manual. Also, exercises may be assigned for completion outside of the regularly scheduled laboratory session.

Prior to beginning each exercise you should

1. Read the required text assignment, paying particular attention to the key terms that are listed in the exercise.
2. Examine the exercise and read the purpose and list of objectives.
3. Gather any additional materials listed at the beginning of the exercise. Bring these materials along with your laboratory manual, text, course notes, paper, and pencils to the laboratory session.

After you have completed each exercise,

1. Examine the review at the end of the exercise.
2. Complete the Summary/Report page at the end of the exercise. Your instructor may require that you submit this report for evaluation by a specified date.

A Note to the Instructor. Applications and Investigations in Earth Science is designed to supplement an introductory general education Earth science course. We have attempted to include a general survey of most of the major topics in Earth science, building upon questions that require various levels of understanding to answer. The first type of question is concerned with the basic concepts and fundamental principles of Earth science. These can be answered by reflective thought and careful reading of class notes and textbook materials. Other sections involve conducting experiments, gathering data, and drawing conclusions. The third type of investigation entails the application of principles to achieve solutions.

In addition to adding several new and revised figures and exercise enhancements, this fourth edition of Applications and Investigations in Earth Science includes an Investigating the Internet section with each of the exercises. By accessing the manual's online companion web site students will be presented with several challenging web-based activities that use World Wide Web resources to reinforce and extent the topics presented in each exercise. We recommend that these web-based activities be examined after the main body of the exercise has been completed. For those with limited time and/or resources, the entire section may be assigned as an out-of-class activity or omitted entirely. To facilitate grading, students may either download and submit the activity response form provided with each exercise or, at the discretion of the instructor, submit their answers electronically directly to any email address provided. Additional information and Internet links to Earth Science topics can be explored on the Internet at the Earth Science, 10th edition textbook site.

To assist you in organizing your course, we have included in the Instructor's Manual for Applications and Investigations in Earth Science a table that cross-references each of the manual's twenty-two exercises with the appropriate chapters) in several of the current Earth science textbooks. The texts that have been cross-referenced include Earth Science (9th and 10th editions) by Tarbuck and Lutgens, and Foundations of Earth Science (third edition) by Lutgens and Tarbuck.

Recognizing that different aspects of Earth science are emphasized by each of us, we have included exercises that cover a wide variety of subjects. Since each exercise is basically self-contained and covers a specific topic, individual exercises or whole units may be omitted or introduced in a different sequence without difficulty. Furthermore, with only minor modification, several exercises, or portions of exercises, may be assigned for completion outside the regularly scheduled laboratory sessions.

The last two exercises in the manual investigate the basic skills of determining location and distance on Earth, working with the metric system, and conducting a scientific inquiry. Should you decide that completing all, or any part, of these exercises would be of benefit to your students, we suggest that you introduce them near the beginning of the course. In addition, Exercise Seventeen, "Astronomical Observations," will take the student several weeks to complete.

Many of the exercises require that equipment and materials be supplied and present in the laboratory. When needed, a general list has been included at the beginning of each exercise. Realizing that some laboratory settings have limited access to materials such as minerals, rocks, and fossils, we have left the specific choices of these specimens to the instructor.

In summary, we have attempted to put together a versatile and adaptable collection of laboratory experiences that investigate many of the topics in introductory Earth science. We sincerely feel that each exercise has merit and, through active student participation, the learning process is carried one step closer to complete understanding.