Belief and Unbelief in the Ancient World
Discover what “belief” and “unbelief” meant in the ancient world

Popular portrayals of the ancient world often give the impression that the ancients held uniform views of the gods. Recent scholarship, however, has started to challenge such a reductive characterization. To that end, this volume brings together top scholars from a variety of disciplines to create a more nuanced picture of the diverse spectrum of belief and unbelief in the ancient world. 

The contributors to this volume examine belief as it existed throughout the Mediterranean over the span of approximately a thousand years—a broader scope than most comparable studies, which tend to focus on a single period. The book’s breadth is evident not only in its chronology but also in its subject matter. The authors examine religious belief and unbelief in biblical and classical sources, material culture, and iconography, all within the contexts of ancient Jewish, Christian, and Greco-Roman religious culture. 

Readers will come away with a better understanding of how diverse ancient belief was, how ancient communities expressed their faith through texts and translation, and how people in antiquity connected art and religion. Expansive and interdisciplinary, this book will be of interest to students and scholars working in classics, biblical studies, ancient Near Eastern studies, and Greek and Roman iconography.

Contributors

Edward Armstrong
Erin Darby
Stefano De Feo
Michael Anthony Fowler
Thomas Harrison
David J. Johnston
Theodore J. Lewis
Teresa Morgan
Camilla Recalcati
Matthew T. Sharp
Brent A. Strawn

1146896998
Belief and Unbelief in the Ancient World
Discover what “belief” and “unbelief” meant in the ancient world

Popular portrayals of the ancient world often give the impression that the ancients held uniform views of the gods. Recent scholarship, however, has started to challenge such a reductive characterization. To that end, this volume brings together top scholars from a variety of disciplines to create a more nuanced picture of the diverse spectrum of belief and unbelief in the ancient world. 

The contributors to this volume examine belief as it existed throughout the Mediterranean over the span of approximately a thousand years—a broader scope than most comparable studies, which tend to focus on a single period. The book’s breadth is evident not only in its chronology but also in its subject matter. The authors examine religious belief and unbelief in biblical and classical sources, material culture, and iconography, all within the contexts of ancient Jewish, Christian, and Greco-Roman religious culture. 

Readers will come away with a better understanding of how diverse ancient belief was, how ancient communities expressed their faith through texts and translation, and how people in antiquity connected art and religion. Expansive and interdisciplinary, this book will be of interest to students and scholars working in classics, biblical studies, ancient Near Eastern studies, and Greek and Roman iconography.

Contributors

Edward Armstrong
Erin Darby
Stefano De Feo
Michael Anthony Fowler
Thomas Harrison
David J. Johnston
Theodore J. Lewis
Teresa Morgan
Camilla Recalcati
Matthew T. Sharp
Brent A. Strawn

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Belief and Unbelief in the Ancient World

Belief and Unbelief in the Ancient World

Belief and Unbelief in the Ancient World

Belief and Unbelief in the Ancient World

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Overview

Discover what “belief” and “unbelief” meant in the ancient world

Popular portrayals of the ancient world often give the impression that the ancients held uniform views of the gods. Recent scholarship, however, has started to challenge such a reductive characterization. To that end, this volume brings together top scholars from a variety of disciplines to create a more nuanced picture of the diverse spectrum of belief and unbelief in the ancient world. 

The contributors to this volume examine belief as it existed throughout the Mediterranean over the span of approximately a thousand years—a broader scope than most comparable studies, which tend to focus on a single period. The book’s breadth is evident not only in its chronology but also in its subject matter. The authors examine religious belief and unbelief in biblical and classical sources, material culture, and iconography, all within the contexts of ancient Jewish, Christian, and Greco-Roman religious culture. 

Readers will come away with a better understanding of how diverse ancient belief was, how ancient communities expressed their faith through texts and translation, and how people in antiquity connected art and religion. Expansive and interdisciplinary, this book will be of interest to students and scholars working in classics, biblical studies, ancient Near Eastern studies, and Greek and Roman iconography.

Contributors

Edward Armstrong
Erin Darby
Stefano De Feo
Michael Anthony Fowler
Thomas Harrison
David J. Johnston
Theodore J. Lewis
Teresa Morgan
Camilla Recalcati
Matthew T. Sharp
Brent A. Strawn


Product Details

ISBN-13: 9780802878977
Publisher: Eerdmans, William B. Publishing Company
Publication date: 07/31/2025
Pages: 288
Product dimensions: 6.00(w) x 9.00(h) x (d)

About the Author

Taylor O. Gray is assistant research professor of classics and ancient Mediterranean studies at Pennsylvania State University. He is coeditor of Belief and Unbelief in the Ancient World.

Ethan R. Johnson serves as teaching pastor at Main Street United Methodist Church in Tazewell, Virginia. He is coeditor of Belief and Unbelief in the Ancient World.

Martina Vercesi is a research associate at Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, where she is working on a European Research Council study of bilingual New Testament manuscripts. She is coeditor of Belief and Unbelief in the Ancient World.

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Preface
List of Abbreviations 
Introduction 
          Taylor O. Gray, Ethan R. Johnson, and Martina Vercesi
1. Speaking of the Gods 
          Religious Belief in Thucydides
          Edward Armstrong
2. Αἶρε τοὺς ἀθέους (Mart. Pol. 9.2) 
          The Relationship between the Accusation of Atheism and a Radical Interpretation of Eschatology in Early Christianity
          Stefano De Feo
3. The Empiricism of the Apostle Paul 
          Belief and Knowledge in the Context of Roman Divination
          Matthew T. Sharp
4. The Relationship of Faith and Law Observance in Paul 
          The One Who Is Weak in Faith in Romans 14:1–15:13
          David J. Johnston
5. Augustine on Faith 
          Trust, Acceptance, Credence, and Belief
          Teresa Morgan
6. The Point of Belief(s) 
          Ritual, Explanation, and the Demonstration of the Divine
          Thomas Harrison
7. From Bar Rakib to Cyrus 
          What Do Royal Portrayals of Divinity Have to Do with Belief?
          Theodore J. Lewis
8. Bad Blood? 
          Varying Attitudes on Human Sacrifice in Archaic Greek Art
          Michael Anthony Fowler
9. “God Is Our King” 
          How Beliefs Surrounding the Ptolemaic Monarchy Influenced the Depiction of God in the LXX Pentateuch on a Lexical Level
          Camilla Recalcati
10. Is Belief (or Is It Faith?) an Ancient Israelite Notion? 
          Thinking and/as Seeing, Seeing and/as Thinking . . . and Believing
          Brent A. Strawn
11. (Be)li(e)ving in a Material World 
          What Can Ancient Figurines Teach Us about the Modern Study of Religion?
          Erin Darby
List of Contributors 
Index of Authors 
Index of Subjects 
Index of Scripture 
Index of Other Ancient Sources

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