Carbon Footprints and Food Systems: Do Current Accounting Methodologies Disadvantage Developing Countries?
84Carbon Footprints and Food Systems: Do Current Accounting Methodologies Disadvantage Developing Countries?
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Overview
Product Details
ISBN-13: | 9780821385395 |
---|---|
Publisher: | Bernan Distribution |
Publication date: | 09/21/2010 |
Series: | World Bank Studies |
Pages: | 84 |
Product dimensions: | 6.90(w) x 9.70(h) x 0.30(d) |
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments v
About the Authors vi
Abbreviations vii
Executive Summary viii
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Background to the Study 1
Objectives 1
Approach 2
Structure of Report 2
Chapter 2 Description of Ongoing Carbon Footprinting Initiatives Around the Globe 3
Summary 3
Current Carbon Labeling Methods and Schemes 3
Conclusions 14
Chapter 3 Availability of Data Relevant to Developing Countries 20
Summary 20
Introduction 20
IPCC Emission Factors 20
Other Emissions Data 22
Conclusions 28
Chapter 4 Case Study: Carbon Footprints of Tropical Food Products Calculated According to PAS 2050 30
Summary 30
Introduction 30
Methods 30
Results 34
Discussion 37
Conclusion 42
Chapter 5 Subjectivity, Uncertainty, and Impact of Methodology on Final Results 43
Summary 43
Introduction 43
The Impact of Data Choice 44
The Impact of Land Use Change 45
The Impact of Including or Excluding Key Variables in the Carbon Footprint 49
The reality of Data Collection 58
Conclusions 59
Chapter 6 Conclusions and Recommendations for Development-Friendly Carbon Footprinting Schemes 61
Summary 61
Introduction 61
The Situation in Developing Countries 62
Recommendations for Development-Friendly Carbon Footprinting 64
References 69
List of Tables
Table 2.1 Summary of information available on different carbon footprinting methodologies 14
Table 2.2 Comparison of methodological approach, data requirements, and data sources for some carbon footprint schemes highlighting problems in indentifying methodological details 15
Table 3.1 Default emission factors (EFs) relevant to tropical food carbon footprinting 21
Table 3.2 Availability and sources of published, country-or region-specific key carbon footprinting data for a random selection of countries 23
Table 3.3 Number of agro-ecological zones (AEZs) within a sample of countries 26
Table 3.4 Carbon quantities for soil in various tropical conditions 29
Table 4.1 GHG emissions per ton of sugar cane 35
Table 4.2 GHG emissions per ton of raw sugar 35
Table 4.3 The carbon footprint of sugar in transit 36
Table 4.4 GHG emissions for fresh pineapples 36
Table 4.5 GHG emissions for pineapple jam 37
Table 5.1 Truck transport emissions 45
Table 5.2 Calculating emissions resulting from land use changes in tropical forests 47
Table 5.3 Changes in carbon stocks resulting from land use changes in tropical forests 48
List of Figures
Figure 3.1 Global soil organic carbon to 1m depth 28
Figure 5.1 GHG emissions from the truck transport of one ton of sugar 44
Figure 5.2 Sugar farm in Zambia 47
Figure 5.3 Degradation of woodland surrounding a sugar farm 49
Figure 5.4 The carbon footprint of one ton of sugar delivered to a refinery 51
Figure 5.5 The carbon footprint of one ton of sugar delivered to port 54
Figure 5.6 The carbon footprint per kilogram of pineapple at the farm gate 55
Figure 5.7 The carbon footprint per kilogram of pineapple jam for European export 57