Table of Contents
Unit 1 Basics of Biology 1
1 Introduction to Biology 2
2 Critical Thinking in Biology 11
3 Characteristics of Life 19
4 Biological Classification 29
Unit 2 The Chemistry of Life 43
5 Atoms and Molecules 44
6 The Importance of Water 61
7 Organic Compounds 69
8 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes 75
Unit 3 Cell Theory 83
9 Cell Structure and Function 84
10 Chemical Energy and ATP 97
11 Photosynthesis 103
12 Cellular Respiration 109
13 Mitosis 119
14 Meiosis 131
Unit 4 Bacteria, Viruses, Prions, and Viroids 141
15 Bacteria 142
16 Viruses 153
17 Prions and Viroids 163
18 Disease 169
Unit 5 Protists 177
19 The Protist Kingdom 178
20 Prptpzoa 185
21 Algae 193
22 Molds 201
Unit 6 Fungi 207
23 The Fungi Kingdom 208
24 Fungi Reproduction 216
25 Ecology of Fungi 223
Unit 7 Plants 229
26 The Plant Kingdom 230
27 Plant Structure and Function 241
28 Plants Reproduction 248
29 Plant Adaptation 257
Unit 8 Animals 267
30 The Animal Kingdom 268
31 Invertebrates 275
32 Arthropods 285
33 Chordates 293
34 Vertebrates Anamniotes 303
35 Vertebrates Amniotes 311
Unit 9 The Human Body 325
36 Body Systems and Homeostasis 326
37 The Integumentary System 334
38 The Muscular and Skeletal Systems 341
39 The Nervous and Endocrine Systems 353
40 The Respiratory and Circulatory Systems 367
41 The Digestive and Excretory Systems 380
42 The Immune Systems 389
43 The Reproductive System 401
Unit 10 Genetics 413
44 Introduction to Genetics 414
45 DNA and RNA 429
46 Genetic Engineering 445
Unit 11 Life On Earth 451
47 Evolution 452
48 The History of Life 469
Unit 12 Ecosystems and Habitats 483
49 The Ecosystem 484
50 Populations 499
Index 509
