Inorganic Nanostructures: Properties and Characterization

by Petra Reinke

Overview

This monograph for young researchers and professionals looking for a comprehensive reference offers an advanced treatment of the topic that extends beyond an introductory work.
As such, it systematically covers the inorganic nanostructures in the breadth needed, while presenting them together with the surface science tools used to characterize them, such as electron spectroscopy, scanning probe, near-field and Raman techniques. Also includes magnetism of small particles.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9783527645923
Publisher:	Wiley
Publication date:	02/29/2012
Sold by:	JOHN WILEY & SONS
Format:	eBook
Pages:	202
File size:	6 MB

About the Author

Petra Reinke holds a professorship at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA. Earlier research assignments have taken her to the Max-Planck-Institute for Plasma Physics, the University of Basel, CHE, and the Ecole Polytechnique, Canada. Her research focuses on surface science, thin films and interfaces, nanostructures for spintronics and photovoltaics. She has been serving the community on various reviewer boards, and proven her writing skills in many research publications and several book chapters.

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Table of Contents

Preface 9

1 Dimensions and Surfaces – an Introduction 11

1.1 Size, Dimensionality, and Confinement 11

1.1.1 Density of States for 3,2,1,0 Dimensions 17

1.2 Synthesis of Nanostructures: Fundamental Surface Processes and Reactions 19

1.3 Closing Remarks 26

2 Experimental Techniques for Nanoscale Materials Analysis 27

2.1 Scanning Probe Microscopy 28

2.1.1 Scanning Tunneling Microscopy – STM 28

2.1.2 Atomic Force Microscopy – AFM 33

2.1.3 Manipulation and Construction of Nanostructures with STM and AFM 36

2.2 Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Electron Spectroscopy Techniques 38

2.3 Closing Remarks 45

3 Semiconductor Nanowires 47

3.1 Nanowire Growth 48

3.2 Vapor–Liquid–Solid and Vapor–Solid–Solid Growth 49

3.2.1 The Size and Position of the Catalyst Particle 53

3.3 Nanowire Crystallography – Wire Structure 55

3.3.1 Competing Structures: Wurtzite and Zincblende 56

3.3.2 Nanowire Crystallography: Connecting to the Substrate 59

3.3.3 Complex Nanowires: Branching, Co-axial and Axial Nanowires 61

3.4 Horizontal Nanowires 63

3.4.1 Synthesis of Horizontal Wires 64

3.4.2 The Smallest Wire – Electronic Structure of Monoatomic Wires 69

3.5 Controlling the Electronic Properties of Semiconductor Nanowires 70

3.5.1 Controlling the Electronic Properties of Nanowires – Confinement 72

3.5.2 Controlling the Electronic Properties of Nanowires – Doping 74

3.6 Closing Remarks 78

4 Metal Clusters 79

4.1 Cluster–Surface Interaction 80

4.2 Synthesis of Metal Clusters 81

4.2.1 Non-Wetting Metal Clusters 81

4.2.2 Aerosols and Cluster Sources 83

4.2.3 Synthesis and Stabilization of Metal Clusters 85

4.2.4 Clusters on Surfaces: The Smallest Templates 87

4.3 Geometry of Clusters 90

4.3.1 Shells of Atoms 91

4.3.2 Magic Clusters and Stability 94

4.4 Closing Remarks 97

5 Quantum Dots 99

5.1 Size and Shape in Quantum Dots 99

5.1.1 A Short Excursion to Optical Properties 100

5.2 Band Gap, Size, and Absorption Edge 102

5.3 Synthesis of QDs 104

5.3.1 QD Synthesis by Chemical Methods 104

5.3.2 Strain-Driven Self-Assembly – Stranski–Krastanov Growth 111

5.3.3 The Ge–Si System – Shape Evolution During Growth 116

5.4 Superlattices Made of QDs 117

5.5 Closing Remarks 124

6 Pure Carbon Materials 125

6.1 Carbonaceous Materials and Bonding 125

6.2 Low-Dimensional Carbon Nanostructures 127

6.2.1 Zero-Dimensional – Fullerenes 127

6.2.2 One- and Two-Dimensional – Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene 129

6.3 Electronic and Geometric Structure: Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes 130

6.3.1 From Graphene to Graphite to Graphene 131

6.3.2 Geometric Structure of Carbon Nanotubes 132

6.3.3 Electronic Structure of Carbon Nanotubes 134

6.3.4 Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes 138

6.4 Graphene – the Electron as a Massless Dirac Fermion 142

6.4.1 Electronic Properties, Doping, and Band Gap 145

6.4.2 Quantum Confinement and Carbon Nanoribbons 149

6.5 Synthesis of Graphene 151

6.5.1 Exfoliation from Graphite 151

6.5.2 Growth on Metal Substrates 152

6.5.3 Sublimation of Si – Graphene on SiC 154

6.6 Closing Remarks 155

7 A Few Applications of Inorganic Nanostructures 157

7.1 Single Electron Transistor 157

7.2 Sensing with Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes 164

7.2.1 Sensors Everywhere 164

7.2.2 Chemical Sensors – Adsorption 166

7.2.3 Tethering and Other Interactions 168

7.3 Quantum Dots, Rods, and Nanotubes in Photovoltaics 170

7.3.1 Solar Cells – a Short Introduction 171

7.3.2 Quantum Dots to Extend Absorption 173

References 177

Index 199

Editorial Reviews

This monograph for young researchers and professionals looking for a comprehensive reference offers an advanced treatment of topic that extends beyond an introductory work.”  (Journal of Heat Treatment & Materials, 1 February 2013)

 

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