Table of Contents
Contributors xi
List of Maps xiv
List of Time Charts xiv
List of Festival Charts xiv
List of Illustrations xv
Preface to the First Edition xvii
Preface to the Second Edition xix
Preface to the Third Edition xx
Part 1 Understanding Religion
1 What Is Religion? 2
2 Phenomenology and the Study of Religion 5
3 The Anthropology of Religion 11
Myths and Symbols 14
4 The Sociology of Religion 16
5 The Psychology of Religion 21
6 Theological Approaches to the Study of Religion 24
7 Critical Theory and Religion 28
8 Ritual and Performance 32
Part 2 Religions Of Antiquity
9 Religion Before History 42
Holy Places, Sacred Calendars 53
10 Land of the Aztecs and Incas 56
11 The Ancient Near Ease: Cradle of Civilization 63
12 Ancient Egypt: Land of the Priest-King 75
Egyptian Temples: Houses of Power 80
13 Zoroastrianism: A Historical Overview 84
14 Zoroastrian Beliefs 90
Fire Temples 94
15 The Ancient Religions of Greece and Rome 95
16 The Religion of the Celts 115
17 The Religions of Scandinavia: The Norse Gods 118
18 Nomads of the Steppes 123
Part 3 Indigenous Religions
19 Understanding Indigenous Religions 130
20 Indigenous Religions in Asia 137
21 The Foe of Papua New Guinea 142
22 Australian Aboriginal Religions 145
23 Melanesia 149
24 South American Indigenous Religions 152
25 Native North Americans 158
26 Inuit 161
27 Norse Shamanism 163
28 African Indigenous Religions 165
29 The Bangwa 170
30 The Zulu 172
Part 4 Hinduism
31 A Historical Overview 178
32 Philosophy 185
33 Sacred Writings 189
34 Beliefs 193
35 Worship and Festivals 201
36 Family and Society 207
I am a Hindu 208
37 Hinduism in the Modern World 211
Part 5 Buddhism
38 A Historical Overview 218
39 Sacred Writings 227
40 Beliefs 233
41 Family and Society 240
The Cao Dai and the Hoa Hao 244
I am a Buddhist 246
42 Buddhism in the Modern World 248
Part 6 Jainism
43 A Historical Overview 256
Leaders and Enlightenment 262
44 Sacred Writings 264
45 Beliefs 268
46 Family and Society 273
47 Worship and Festivals 277
The Puja of Fight Substances 279
I am a Jain 282
48 Jainism in the Modern World 285
Modern Jain Leaders 286
Part 7 Chinese Religions
49 Chinese Religions; Sages and Immortals 290
50 Christianity in Contemporary China 302
The Worship of Ancestors 306
Part 8 Korean And Japanese Religions
51 Sinkyo: Korea's Traditional Religion 310
52 Japanese Religions: A Tapestry of Traditions 314
Part 9 Judaism
53 A Historical Overview 330
The Thirteen Principles of the Faith 339
The Kabbalah 341
54 Sacred Writings 345
Divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures 349
55 Beliefs 350
The Covenant 356
56 Family and Society 358
57 Worship and Festivals 364
Seder Meal 366
I am a Jew 370
58 The Holocaust 372
59 Branches of Judaism 375
60 Judaism in the Modern World 380
Jewish Population Figures by Continent in 2004 383
Part 10 Christianity
61 A Historical Overview 386
62 Jesus 394
Branches of the Church 402
63 Sacred Writings 407
64 Beliefs 409
65 Worship and Festivals 416
I am a Christian 422
66 Family and Society 424
67 Contemporary Christianity 427
Part 11 Islam
68 A Historical Overview 436
69 The Unity and Variety of Islam 445
70 Sacred Writings 449
71 Beliefs 453
72 Worship and Festivals 459
73 The Law of Islam 465
74 Science, Art, and Culture 469
75 Family and Society 472
I am a Muslim 474
76 Islam in the Modern World 477
Part 12 Sikhism
77 A Historical Overview 484
The Ten Gurus 486
The Khaha 488
78 Sacred Writings 490
79 Beliefs 492
The Mul Mantra 496
80 Worship and Festivals 497
The Golden Temple 499
Guru Hargobind's Release 501
81 Family and Society 503
I am a Sikh 506
82 Sikhism Today 508
Part 13 Religions In Today's World
83 From Existentialism to Postmodernism 516
84 New Religious Movements 522
85 The Bahá'í Faith 528
86 Secularization and Sacralization 532
Church Attendance in England 534
I am a Rastafarian 536
87 Religion and Globalization 538
World Religions Today 541
I am a Spiritual Seeker 542
88 Religion and Politics 545
89 Women and Religion 551
Rapid Fact-Finder 557
Index 595
Picture Acknowledgments 603