Table of Contents
A Note to the Reader ix
1 Keep It R.E.A.L. for Adolescent English Learners 1
What Is R.E.A.L. Instruction? 2
Who Are Adolescent English Learners? 7
Purpose of the Book 13
Theory Supporting R.E.A.L. Instruction 16
Experiences Supporting R.E.A.L. Instruction 22
Action Time 23
2 Set High Expectations Through R.E.A.L. Instruction 25
Nothing Less Than Rigorous Standards 26
Nurturing Multilingual Readers and Writers at School and at Home 28
Threefold Purpose of R.E.A.L. Instruction 28
Current Climate: Increasing Diversity and Standardization 31
Five Simple Rules for Literacy and Language Learning 35
Action Time 41
3 Read in a Literature-Rich Classroom 42
Reading Within a Theme 43
Methods for Classroom Reading 46
Multiple Genres 52
Literature at Various Reading Levels 58
Action Time 62
4 Respond to Texts in a Literacy-Rich Classroom 64
Reader Response Through Oral Language 65
Reader Response Through Written Language 70
Reader Response Through Other Creative Methods 77
Evaluating Students' Responses 79
Action Time 81
5 Connect to Students' Cultures and Lived Experiences 83
A Holistic View of Culture 84
Reading and Responding with Cultural Insiders 85
Privileging Students' Lived Experiences 94
Reading Beyond Students' Experiences 98
Action Time 100
6 Support Biliteracy Development 102
Biliteracy Within Monolingual Standards 103
Affirming Students' Languages 105
Purposefully Leveraging the L1 107
Multilingual Texts 111
Multilingual Responses 115
Action Time 118
Conclusion: Keep It R.E.A.L.-Play to Win! 119
Glossary 121
Appendices 125
Appendix A Sample Texts for Short-Term Unit on Rosa Parks 125
Appendix B Sample World War II Texts and Reader Response Activities 126
References 131
Literature Cited 141
Index 147
About the Author 156
