LASERS IN 3D PRINTING AND MANUFACTURING

by Chee Kai Chua, Murukeshan Vadakke Matham, Young-jin Kim

Overview

Additive Manufacturing (AM), popularly known as 3D printing, is playing an increasingly significant role in the manufacturing arena. AM has revolutionized how prototypes are to be made and small batch manufacturing should be carried out. Due to high flexibility and high efficiency of lasers, laser-assisted Manufacturing (LAM) and AM technologies are recently getting much attention over traditional methods.This textbook is a timely information resource for undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers who are interested in this emerging technology. The book will cover the basics of lasers, optics and materials used for manufacturing and 3D printing. It will also include several case studies for readers to apply their understanding of the topics, provide sufficient theoretical background and insights to today's key laser-assisted AM processes and conclude with the future prospects of this exciting technology.This is the first textbook tailored specifically for Lasers in 3D Printing and Manufacturing with detailed explanations. The book will focus on laser-assisted 3D printing and Additive Manufacturing (AM) from basic principles of lasers, optics and AM materials to advanced AM technologies, including in-depth discussion on critical aspects throughout the laser-assisted AM processes, such as optical system design, laser-material interaction and laser parameters' optimization.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9789814656443
Publisher:	World Scientific Publishing Company, Incorporated
Publication date:	12/27/2016
Series:	WS SERIES IN 3D PRINTING , #2
Sold by:	Barnes & Noble
Format:	eBook
Pages:	280
File size:	4 MB

Table of Contents

Foreword v

Preface ix

Acknowledgements xi

About the Authors xiii

List of Abbreviations xvii

Chapter 1 Introduction 1

1.1 Lasers for Manufacturing 1

1.2 Lasers for 3D Printing 2

1.3 Current State of the Art 3

1.4 The Book: Major Focus 7

Problems 10

References 10

Chapter 2 Lasers and Basic Optics for 3D Printing and Manufacturing 15

2.1 Introduction 15

2.2 Interaction of Light with Materials: Different Aspects 16

2.3 Effect of Different Parameters 20

2.4 Laser: Basic Components 24

2.5 Laser Beam: Characteristics 26

2.6 Laser Beam: Beam Forming Optics 30

2.7 Representative Lasers in 3D Printing and Manufacturing 36

2.8 Summary 43

Problems 43

References 44

Chapter 3 Materials for Laser-based 3D Printing and Manufacturing 49

3.1 Introduction 49

3.2 Materials for 3D Printing and Manufacturing 51

3.3 Polymers 55

3.4 Metals 60

3.5 Ceramics 66

3.6 Composites 69

3.7 Other materials 70

3.8 Optical Properties of Materials in Laser-based Processing 72

Problems 87

References 88

Chapter 4 One-, Two-, and Three-Dimensional Laser-Assisted Manufacturing 93

4.1 Introduction 93

4.2 Laser Beam Machining (LBM) 94

4.3 Oxy-Laser Cutting 97

4.4 Three-Dimensional Processes 99

4.5 Basic Components of a LM System 100

4.6 Effect of State of Polarisation (SOP) of Laser Beam on Machining 102

4.7 Laser Equipment Characteristics 104

4.8 CW Laser and UV Laser Machining 111

4.9 UV Laser Machining: Salient Features 112

4.10 Laser Machining Applications 116

4.11 Summary 116

Problems 117

References 118

Chapter 5 Laser-based 3D Printing 121

5.1 Introduction 121

5.2 Liquid-Based 3D Printing 123

5.3 Powder-Based 3D Printing 143

5.4 Solid-Based 3D Printing 162

Problems 166

References 167

Chapter 6 Advanced 3D Manufacturing: Micro and Nanoscale Patterning 175

6.1 Introduction 175

6.2 Interference 176

6.3 Two-Beam Interference 178

6.4 Laser Interference Lithography 179

6.5 Four-Beam Interference 183

6.6 Fabrication System and Methodology 184

6.7 Ultrafast Laser Machining 184

6.8 Summary 193

Problems 193

References 194

Chapter 7 Laser Safety and Hazards 197

7.1 Introduction 197

7.2 Basic Hazards from Lasers 198

7.3 Laser Ratings and Safety Standards 213

7.4 Radiation Exposure and Laser Goggle Selection 221

7.5 Precautions and Exemplary Hazardous Cases 229

Problems 232

References 233

Chapter 8 Future Prospects 237

8.1 Introduction 237

8.2 Trends in Next-Generation 3D Printing 238

8.3 Future Prospects for Each Technical Chapter 244

8.4 Future Applications of Laser-based 3D Printing 248

8.5 Summary 250

Problems 251

References 252