Mammals of Minnesota Field Guide

by Stan Tekiela

Overview

Identify Minnesota mammals with this easy-to-use field guide, organized by family and featuring full-color photographs and helpful information.

Whether you happen upon an animal track or actually see wildlife in nature, encountering mammals is a thrill. Learn to identify mammals in Minnesota. With Stan Tekiela’s famous field guide, mammal identification is simple and informative. The Mammals of Minnesota Field Guide features all 77 species found in the state, organized by family and then by size. When you see a mammal, you can determine its family by common visual characteristics and then turn to the corresponding section to find out what it is! Fact-filled information contains the particulars that you want to know, while full-color photographs provide the visual detail needed for accurate identification.

This second edition also includes range maps and Stan’s expert insights. So grab the Mammals of Minnesota Field Guide for your next outing to help ensure that you positively identify the wildlife you see.

Inside you’ll find:

• All 77 of Minnesota’s mammals, from mice to moose
• Facts about size, habitat, range, young, and more
• Times each animal is most likely to be active and signs it might leave behind
• Professional photos, range maps, and track patterns
• Stan’s naturalist notes and fascinating facts

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781647555160
Publisher:	Adventure Publications, Incorporated
Publication date:	03/04/2025
Series:	Mammal Identification Guides
Edition description:	2nd Revised ed.
Pages:	352
Product dimensions:	5.20(w) x 7.30(h) x 0.60(d)

About the Author

Stan Tekiela is a naturalist, author, and wildlife photographer with a Bachelor of Science degree in Natural History from the University of Minnesota. He has been a professional naturalist for more than 35 years and is a member of the Minnesota Naturalists’ Association, Outdoor Writers Association of America, North American Nature Photography Association, and Canon Professional Services. Stan actively studies and photographs wildlife throughout the United States. He has received various national and regional awards for outdoors education and writing. His syndicated nature column appears in more than 20 cities, and his wildlife programs are broadcast on a number of Midwest radio stations. Stan has authored hundreds of educational books, including field guides, quick guides, nature books, children’s books, and more, presenting many species of animals and plants. His Minnesota field guides include Birds of Minnesota, Mammals of Minnesota, Trees of Minnesota, and Wildflowers of Minnesota. Stan resides in Victoria, Minnesota, with his wife, Katherine, and daughter, Abigail.

Read an Excerpt

White-tailed Deer
Odocoileus virginianus

Family: Deer (Cervidae)

Size: L 4–7' (1.2–2.1 m); T 6–12" (15–30 cm); H 3–4' (1–1.2 m)

Weight: M 100–300 lb (45–135 kg); F 75–200 lb (34–90 kg)

Description: Reddish brown during summer, grayish brown during winter. Large ears, white inside with black edges. A white eye-ring, nose band, chin, throat, and belly. Brown tail with a black tip and white underside. Male has antlers with many tines and an antler spread of 12–36" (30–90 cm). Female has a thinner neck than male and lacks antlers.

Origin/Age: native; 5–10 years

Compare: Slightly smaller size than the much less common mule deer (pg. 305), which has a small thin white tail with a black tip.

Habitat: all habitats

Home: no den or nest; sleeps in a different spot every night, beds may be concentrated in one area, does not use a shelter in bad weather or winter, will move to a semi-sheltered area (yard) with a good food supply in winter

Food: herbivore; grasses and other green plants, acorns, and nuts in summer, twigs and buds in winter

Sounds: loud whistle-like snorts, male grunts, fawn bleats

Breeding late Oct–Nov mating; 6–7 months gestation

Young: 1–2 fawns once per year in May or June; covered with white spots, walks within hours of birth

Signs: browsed twigs that are ripped or torn (due to the lack of upper incisor teeth), tree rubs (saplings scraped or stripped of bark) made by male while polishing antlers during the rut, oval depressions in snow or leaves are evidence of beds; round, hard brown pellets during winter, cylindrical segmented masses of scat in spring and summer

Activity: nocturnal, crepuscular; often moves along same trails to visit feeding areas, moves around less when snow is deep

Tracks: front hoof 2–3" (5–7.5 cm) long, hind hoof slightly smaller, both with a split heart shape with a point in the front; neat line of single tracks; hind hooves fall near or directly onto fore prints (direct register) when walking

Stan’s Notes: This deer is the most common large mammal in Minnesota and has the most widespread range. Originally not found throughout the state, its range expanded dramatically in the mid- to late 1800s due to logging and overhunting of native elk and caribou. Now found in nearly every habitat in every part of Minnesota. Also known as Virginia deer or whitetail.

Much longer guard hairs in winter give the animal a larger appearance than in summer. Individual hairs of the winter coat are thick and hollow and provide excellent insulation. Falling snow often does not melt on its back.

In summer, antlers are covered with a furry skin called velvet. Velvet contains a network of blood vessels that supplies nutrients to the growing antlers. New antler growth begins after the male (buck) drops his antlers in January or February. Some females (does) have been known to grow antlers.

Deer are dependent on the location of the food supply. In winter large groups move to low moist areas (yards) that have plenty of white cedar trees. This yarding behavior helps keep trails open and provides some protection from predators. Eats 5–9 pounds (2.3–4.1 kg) of food per day, preferring acorns in fall and fresh grass in spring. Its four-chambered stomach enables the animal to get nutrients from poor food sources such as twigs and eat and drink substances that are unsuitable for humans.

Able to run up to 37 miles (60 km) per hour, jump up to 8.5 feet (2.6 m) high and leap 30 feet (9.1 m). Also an excellent swimmer.

The buck is solitary in spring and early summer but seeks other bucks in late summer and early fall to spar. Bucks are polygamous. The largest, most dominant bucks mate with many does.

For a couple weeks after birth, fawns lie still all day while their mother is away feeding. Mother nurses them evenings and nights.

Table of Contents

Introduction

Sample Pages

The Mammals

Glossary

Helpful Resources

Appendix: Taxonomy of Minnesota’s Mammals

Checklist/Index by Species

More for Minnesota from Stan Tekiela

About the Author