Table of Contents
List of Tables vii
List of Figures xi
Foreword xii
Preface xiv
Acknowledgements xv
1 Empathy is crucial to helping 1
2 The problem: Professional helpers, including nurses, do not normally display much empathy 14
3 Analysis: Empathy has not been measured in clients' terms and accordingly taught 27
4 Solution, Part 1: A reliable and valid client- centred empathy scale has now been developed 44
5 Solution, Part 2: Using this scale, a course has been developed which does help nurses to show empathy 74
6 Summary and implications: Such a course may help others to learn as well 113
Bibliography 131
Appendices 1 The empathy scale and users' guide 144
2 The internal reliability of items on the empathy scale (Cronbach's Alpha) 156
3 The internal discriminations of the empathy scale (phi coefficient) 157
4 Pre- and post-course interview schedules 158
5 Evaluation of the circumstances occurring during counselling interviews in the clinical area 161
6 Rationale for questions on the interview and survey method 163
7 Nurses' attitudes to education 167
8 Effective and ineffective course components 174
9 Barriers to empathic behaviour in nurses' clinical environments 179
10 Content of the self-directed study pack 196
11 The initial activity in the self-directed study pack 197
Index 198