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Overview
For more than three decades, Pulmonary Physiology has provided medical students and residents with a solid background in the areas of pulmonary physiology essential for a thorough understanding of clinical medicine. Pulmonary Physiology, 8e teaches you how and why the human respiratory system works--in a style and presentation that makes it easy to absorb and integrate with your knowledge of other body systems.
Features:
- Every chapter includes learning objectives, summaries of key concepts, study questions, clinical examples, illustrations of essential concepts, and suggested readings
- Provides detailed explanations of physiologic mechanisms and demonstrates how they apply to pathologic states
- Helps you to understand the basic concepts of pulmonary physiology well enough to apply them with confidence to future patients
- Delivers concise yet in-depth coverage of every important topic, including:
- Function and Structure of the Respiratory System
- Mechanics of Breathing
- Alveolar Ventilation
- Blood Flow to the Lungs
- Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships
- Diffusion of Gases and Interpretation of Pulmonary Function Tests
- Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in the Blood
- Acid-Base Balance
- Control of Breathing
- Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lung
- The Respiratory System Under Stress, including exercise, altitude, diving, and sleep
Product Details
| ISBN-13: | 9780071793148 |
|---|---|
| Publisher: | McGraw Hill LLC |
| Publication date: | 03/22/2013 |
| Sold by: | Barnes & Noble |
| Format: | eBook |
| Pages: | 304 |
| File size: | 19 MB |
| Note: | This product may take a few minutes to download. |
About the Author
Professor of Physiology and Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Medical Center; Adjunct Professor of Pediatrics and Physiology, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
Table of Contents
Preface vii
Chapter 1 Function and Structure of the Respiratory System 1
Objectives 1
Functions of the Respiratory System 1
Structure of the Respiratory System 3
Key Concepts 10
Suggested Readings 11
Chapter 2 Mechanics of Breathing 12
Objectives 12
Generation of a Pressure Difference Between Atmosphere and Alveoli 13
Pressure-Volume Relationships in the Respiratory System 21
Interaction of Lung and Chest Wall: The Static Pressure-Volume Curve 31
Airways Resistance 33
The Work of Breathing 52
Key Concepts 53
Clinical Problems 54
Suggested Readings 57
Chapter 3 Alveolar Ventilation 58
Objectives 58
The Lung Volumes 58
Measurement of the Lung Volumes 61
Anatomic Dead Space and Alveolar Ventilation 69
Measurement of Alveolar Ventilation 70
Alveolar Ventilation and Alveolar Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Levels 75
Regional Distribution of Alveolar Ventilation 79
The Closing Volume 83
The Effects of Aging 85
Key Concepts 86
Clinical Problems 87
Suggested Readings 90
Chapter 4 Blood Flow to the Lung 91
Objectives 91
The Bronchial Circulation 92
The Functional Anatomy of the Pulmonary Circulation 93
Pulmonary Vascular Resistance 97
The Regional Distribution of Pulmonary Blood Flow: The Zones of the Lung 104
Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction 111
Pulmonary Edema 113
Key Concepts 116
Clinical Problems 117
Suggested Readings 119
Chapter 5 Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships 120
Objectives 120
The Concept of Matching Ventilation and Perfusion 120
Consequences of High and Low V/Q 121
Testing for Nonuniform Distribution of Inspired Gas and Pulmonary Blood Flow 123
Regional V/Q Differences and Their Consequences in the Lung 132
Key Concepts 135
Clinical Problems 135
Suggested Readings 137
Chapter 6 Diffusion of Gases and Interpretation of Pulmonary Function Tests 138
Objectives 138
Fick's Law for Diffusion 139
Limitations of Gas Transfer 141
Diffusion of Oxygen 143
Diffusion of Carbon Dioxide 145
Measurement of Diffusing Capacity 145
Interpretation of Pulmonary Function Tests 148
Key Concepts 150
Clinical Problems 150
Suggested Readings 152
Chapter 7 Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in the Blood 153
Objectives 153
Transport of Oxygen by the Blood 153
Hemoglobin and the Physiologic Implications of the Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve 156
Influences on the Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve 160
Transport of Carbon Dioxide by the Blood 167
The Carbon Dioxide Dissociation Curve 170
The Bohr and Haldane Effects Explained 170
Key Concepts 172
Clinical Problems 172
Suggested Readings 174
Chapter 8 Acid-Base Balance 175
Objectives 175
The Chemistry of Acids, Bases, and Buffers 175
Buffer Systems of the Human Body 178
Acidosis and Alkalosis 183
Respiratory and Renal Compensatory Mechanisms 188
Clinical Interpretation of Blood Gases and Acid-Base Status 190
The Causes of Hypoxia 193
Key Concepts 196
Clinical Problems 197
Suggested Readings 201
Chapter 9 Control of Breathing 202
Objectives 202
The Generation of Spontaneous Rhythmicity 203
The Medullary Respiratory Center 205
The Pontine Respiratory Groups 207
Spinal Pathways 207
Reflex Mechanisms of Respiratory Control 208
Influences of Higher Centers 213
The Response to Carbon Dioxide 214
The Response to Hydrogen Ions 221
The Response to Hypoxia 222
The Response to Exercise 223
Key Concepts 226
Clinical Problems 227
Suggested Readings 228
Chapter 10 Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lung 230
Objectives 230
Pulmonary Defense Mechanisms 230
Nonrespiratory Functions of the Pulmonary Circulation 237
Metabolic Functions of the Lung 239
Key Concepts 242
Suggested Readings 244
Chapter 11 The Respiratory System Under Stress 245
Objectives 245
Exercise and the Respiratory System 245
Altitude and Acclimatization 252
Diving and the Respiratory System 259
Sleep and the Respiratory System 266
Key Concepts 267
Clinical Problems 268
Suggested Readings 272
Clinical Problem Answers 275
Appendix 288
I Symbols Used in Respiratory Physiology 288
II The Laws Governing the Behavior of Gases 288
III Frequently Used Equations 289
IV Table of Normal Respiratory and Circulatory Values 290
V General Suggested Readings 291
Index 293