Table of Contents
Credits and Acknowledgments 12
How To Use This Book 14
2020 Coin Market Report 18
Collecting U.S. Coins 20
A Seminar on the Grading of Coins 21
Rare Coins as an Investment 25
Aspects of Authenticity 25
Cleaning, Conservation, and Preservation 31
The History of Coins in America, 1607 to Date 35
Pre-Federal Issues 118
Colonial Issues 118
Post-Colonial Issues 143
Federal Issues 178
Contract Issues and Patterns 178
Half Cents 185
Liberty Cap, Head Facing Left (1793) 186
Liberty Cap, Head Facing Right (1794-1797) 190
Draped Bust (1800-1808) 194
Classic Head (1809-1836) 199
Braided Hair (1840-1857) 205
Large Cents 210
Flowing Hair, Chain Reverse (1793) 211
Flowing Hair, Wreath Reverse (1793) 214
Liberty Cap (1793-1796) 218
Draped Bust (1796-1807) 223
Classic Head (1808-1814) 231
Matron Head (1816-1839) 235
Braided Hair (1839-1857) 245
Small Cents 252
Flying Eagle (1856-1858) 253
Indian Head (1859-1909) 258
Lincoln, Wheat Ears Reverse (1909-1958) 270
Lincoln, Memorial Reverse (1959-2008) 284
Lincoln, Bicentennial Reverses (2009) 292
Lincoln, Shield Reverse (2010 to Date) 295
Two-Cent Pieces 298
Shield (1864-1873) 299
Three-Cent Pieces 304
Silver Three-Cent Pieces (Trimes) (1851-1873) 306
Nickel Three-Cent Pieces (1865-1889) 312
Nickel Five-Cent Pieces 318
Shield (1866-1883) 319
Liberty Head (1883-1913) 325
Indian Head or Buffalo (1913-1938) 332
Jefferson (1938-2003) 340
Westward Journey (2004-2005) 354
Jefferson Modified (2006 to Date) 356
Half Dismes 359
Half Disme (1792) 360
Half Dimes 363
Flowing Hair (1794-1795) 364
Draped Bust, Small Eagle Reverse (1796-1797) 367
Draped Bust, Heraldic Eagle Reverse (1800-1805) 371
Capped Bust (1829-1837) 375
Liberty Seated (1837-1873) 380
Dimes 391
Draped Bust, Small Eagle Reverse (1796-1797) 392
Draped Bust, Heraldic Eagle Reverse (1798-1807) 396
Capped Bust (1809-1837) 400
Liberty Seated (1837-1891) 408
Barber or Liberty Head (1892-1916) 423
Winged Liberty Head or "Mercury" (1916-1945) 430
Roosevelt (1946 to Date) 439
Twenty-Cent Pieces 449
Liberty Seated (1875-1878) 450
Quarter Dollars 454
Draped Bust, Small Eagle Reverse (1796) 456
Draped Bust, Heraldic Eagle Reverse (1804-1807) 460
Capped Bust (1815-1838) 463
Liberty Seated (1838-1891) 470
Barber or Liberty Head (1892-1916) 483
Standing Liberty (1916-1930) 491
Washington, Eagle Reverse (1932-1998) 497
Washington, State, D.C., and Territorial (1999-2009) 512
Washington, America the Beautiful™ (2010 to Date) 522
Half Dollars 535
Flowing Hair (1794-1795) 536
Draped Bust, Small Eagle Reverse (1796-1797) 542
Draped Bust, Heraldic Eagle Reverse (1801-1807) 546
Capped Bust, Lettered Edge (1807-1836) 553
Capped Bust, Reeded Edge (1836-1839) 578
Liberty Seated (1839-1891) 585
Barber or Liberty Head (1892-1915) 673
Liberty Walking (1916-1947) 719
Franklin (1948-1963) 757
Kennedy (1964 to Date) 790
Silver Dollars 838
Flowing Hair (1794-1795) 840
Draped Bust, Small Eagle Reverse (1795-1798) 845
Draped Bust, Heraldic Eagle Reverse (1798-1804) 850
Gobrecht Dollars (1836-1839) 858
Liberty Seated (1840-1873) 863
Morgan (1878-1921) 871
Peace (1921-1935) 886
Modern Dollars 892
Eisenhower (1971-1978) 893
Susan B. Anthony (1979-1999) 897
Sacagawea (2000-2008) 899
Presidential (2007-2020) 902
Native American (2009 to Date) 909
American Innovation (2018-2032) 913
Trade Dollars 916
Liberty Seated (1873-1885) 917
Gold Dollars 925
Liberty Head (1849-1854) 926
Indian Princess Head, Small Head (1854-1856) 930
Indian Princess Head, Large Head (1856-1889) 932
Gold Quarter Eagles ($2.50) 939
Capped Bust to Right (1796-1807) 940
Draped Bust to Left, Large Size (1808) 942
Capped Head to Left (1821-1834) 944
Classic Head, No Motto on Reverse (1834-1839) 947
Liberty Head (1840-1907) 950
Indian Head (1908-1929) 962
Three-Dollar Gold Pieces 966
Indian Princess Head (1854-1889) 967
Four-Dollar Gold Pieces 973
Stella, Flowing Hair and Coiled Hair (1879-1880) 973
Gold Half Eagles ($5) 976
Capped Bust to Right, Small Eagle Reverse (1795-1798) 978
Capped Bust to Right, Heraldic Eagle Reverse (1795-1807) 981
Draped Bust to Left (1807-1812) 985
Capped Head to Left (1813-1834) 988
Classic Head, No Motto on Reverse (1834-1838) 993
Liberty Head (1839-1908) 996
Indian Head (1908-1929) 1011
Gold Eagles ($10) 1016
Capped Bust to Right, Small Eagle Reverse (1795-1797) 1018
Capped Bust to Right, Heraldic Eagle Reverse (1797-1804) 1020
Liberty Head (1838-1907) 1024
Indian Head (1907-1933) 1038
Gold Double Eagles ($20) 1043
Liberty Head (1849-1907) 1044
Saint-Gaudens, High Relief and Ultra High Relief, MCMVII (1907) 1057
Saint-Gaudens, Flat Relief, Arabic Numerals (1907-1933) 1060
U.S. Commemoratives 1066
Classic Commemoratives (1892-1954) 1066
Modern Commemoratives (1982 to Date) 1119
Government Commemorative Sets 1222
Proof and Mint Sets 1228
Modern Proof Sets (1936 to Date) 1232
Uncirculated Mint Sets (1947 to Date) 1236
Special Mint Sets (1965-1967) 1237
Souvenir Sets (1982-1983) 1237
Popular Die Varieties From Proof and Mint Sets 1238
U.S. Mint Bullion Coins 1239
American Silver Eagles (1986 to Date) 1240
America the Beautiful 5-Ounce Silver Bullion Coins (2010-2021) 1244
American Gold Eagles (1986 to Date) 1248
American Buffalo .9999 Fine Gold Bullion Coins (2006 to Date) 1254
First Spouse $10 Gold Bullion Coins (2007-2016) 1257
American Platinum Eagles (1997 to Date) 1264
American Palladium Eagles (2017 to Date) 1270
Significant U.S. Patterns 1272
Private and Territorial Gold 1280
Private Tokens 1307
Hard Times Tokens (1832-1844) 1307
Feuchtwanger Tokens (1837-1864) 1310
Civil War Tokens (1860s) 1310
Lesher Referendum Dollars (1900-1901) 1315
Confederate Issues 1316
Hawaiian and Puerto Rican Issues 1318
Philippine Issues 1322
Philippines Under U.S. Sovereignty (1903-1936) 1324
Commonwealth Issues for Circulation (1937-1945) 1343
Commonwealth Commemorative Issues 1350
Alaska Tokens 1352
Appendices 1354
Appendix A Misstrikes and Errors 1354
Appendix B Collectible Red and Blue Books 1363
Appendix C Bullion Values 1369
Appendix D Top 250 U.S. Coin Prices Realized at Auction 1372
Appendix E Conditions of Coins and Grading Standards 1378
Appendix F Special Modern Gold Coins (2009 to Date) 1380
Appendix G So-Called Dollars 1384
Appendix H Newman Numismatic Portal 1402
Appendix I Counterstamped Half Dollars 1407
Appendix J Books and Catalogs on U.S. Half Dollars 1412
Appendix K Half Dollar Hard Times Tokens 1415
Appendix L Merchant- and Town-Issued Half Dollar Scrip 1416
Appendix M Civil War Half Dollar Store Cards 1421
Appendix N Civil War Half Dollar Sutler Tokens 1422
Appendix O Civil War Half Dollar Scrip Notes 1423
Appendix P Half Dollar Postage and Fractional Currency 1424
Appendix Q Pattern Half Dollars, Or What Might Have Been but Wasn't 1427
Appendix R Extraordinary Error and Misstruck Half Dollars 1438
Appendix S Carson City Mint Half Dollars 1452
Appendix T Modern U.S. Mint Medals 1459
Appendix U Coin Clubs 1470
Notes 1472
Glossary 1477
Bibliography 1481
Image Credits 1493
Index 1495
General Index 1495
Alphabetical Index of Dates for Commemoratives 1501