Table of Contents
Foreword Carol Stock Kranowitz, MA xiii
Introduction xvii
Preface xxv
Part I The Basics
Chapter 1 What Is Sensory Processing Disorder? 5
Sensory Processing and SPD 6
The Legacy of Dr. A. Jean Ayres 8
Behavior and SPD 13
Context and Sensory Processing Disorder 18
Chapter 2 Symptoms and Warning Signs 23
Red Flags and Early Warnings 24
Primary Pattern One: Sensory Modulation Disorder (SMD) 27
SMD Subtype 1 Sensory Over-Responsivity 28
SMD Subtype 2 Sensory Under-Responsivity 31
SMD Subtype 3 Sensory Craving 34
Primary Pattern 2 Sensory Discrimination Disorder (SDD) 37
Primary Pattern 3 Sensory-Based Motor Disorder (SBMD) 41
SBMD Subtype 1 Dyspraxia 42
SBMD Subtype 2 Postural Disorder 45
When Red Flags Go Up 48
Chapter 3 Assessment and Diagnosis 51
Early Diagnosis 53
Screening for SPD 56
The Multidisciplinary Team 57
The OT Evaluation 59
Diagnosis 62
Subjectivity in Diagnosis 64
Chapter 4 Treatment and Strategies 66
Evolution of Thought 67
The STAR Treatment Model 68
The Five Procedural Requirements 69
Six Therapeutic Principles 78
Six Advanced Capacities of Therapists and Parents 96
Final Note 108
Part II Living with Sensational Kids
Chapter 5 Ryan, a Typically Developing First Grader 113
Chapter 6 LaTanya, an Over-Responsive Kindergartner 129
A Secret for Your Child with Sensory Over-Responsivity 154
Chapter 7 Tam, an Udder-Responsive Second Grader 162
A SECRET for Your Child with Sensory Under-Responsivity 181
Sensory Discrimination Disorder Symptoms and Diagnosis 189
Chapter 8 Ben, a Sensory-Craving Preschooler 193
Is it SPD or ADHD? 205
A SECRET for Your Sensory-Craving Child 220
Chapter 9 Abby, a Third Grader with Dyspraxia 228
A SECRET for Your Child with Dyspraxia 248
Chapter 10 As Sensational Children Grow Up 261
Abby and Children with Dyspraxia 264
Ben and Sensory Cravers 266
Tarn and Children with Under-Responsivity 268
La Tanya and Children with Over-Responsivity 269
Planning for the Future 271
Part III Beyond the Basics
Chapter 11 The Science of SPD 277
What's Going on in the Brain of My Child? 280
Research Implications 287
Promising Avenues of Research 288
Neurophysiological Studies 288
Possible Pharmacological Approaches 289
SPD Studies Using Primates 289
Studies of Multisensory Integration 289
Association of SPD and Behavior Issues 290
Chapter 12 Beyond the Type 295
The Prevalence of Combination Disorders 296
Other Disorders and SPD 302
Epilepsy and SPD 302
Traumatic Brain Injury and SPD 303
Migraines and SPD 304
Schizophrenia and SPD 304
Anxiety and SPD 304
Conclusion 305
Chapter 13 The SPD-ADHD Connection 306
Chapter 14 Sensory Processing Issues in Autism Spectrum Disorder 313
Overview of Autism Spectrum Disorder 315
Prevalence 319
Diagnostic Challenges 320
What ASD Looks Like in Children 321
Research 322
Restrictive and Repetitive Behavior 327
Chapter 15 Emotion Regulation and SPD 329
Chapter 16 Causes and Prevalence 340
Whose Fault Is It, Anyway? 342
Heredity 342
Parental Conditions and Birth Trauma 345
Environmental Factors 347
Chapter 17 Intervention: Out-of-the-Box General Information and Treatment Effectiveness 349
Treatment That Is Truly Parent Centered 352
The Role of Intervention 354
How Parent Priorities Become Treatment Goals 356
The Effectiveness of Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial 360
Review of Existing Studies Related to Effectiveness of OT 364
New Treatment Effectiveness Research Initiative (2014) 365
A Final True Story 366
Conclusion: A Personal Message to Parents 371
Acknowledgments 377
Appendices
A Sample Letter for Parents 381
B Eligibility Requirements for Screening and Evaluation Under IDEA 385
C Locating and Choosing a Qualified Occupational Therapist 387
D Locating a Multidisciplinary Team 393
E What Is SMART Play? 395
F Resources for Parents, Teachers, and Therapists 399
References 405
Notes 407
Index 419
