Spiritual Shackles

Author Jumal was born and raised in Pasadena California, a city set like a crown in the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains with the Arroyo Seco Creek running through. The "Jewel" of the Crown City was and is the City Hall, a building that had fascinated Jumal from when he was a kid in ragged tennis shoes, a curious fascination that fueled his desire to delve into history books for answers to why thing were the way they were.

Pasadena, like most "Northern" cities, was void of Jim Crow signs, but racism was silently entrenched. When legitimized segregation or apartheid in America was finally struck down in 1954, the "peculiar institution" was too stubborn to crumble on its own, it needed help! Caught up in these volatile times, Jumal submerges himself in the eclectic mix of characters that jump off the pages of Spiritual Shackles, characters that kick down doors and smash obstacles as they search for answers to an elusive identity.

Jumal attended the University of California at Berkeley, Cal State University Los Angeles, Cal State University San Bernardino and Pasadena City College. He's attained a bachelor's degree in History and his master's degree in Education.

Jumal, the globetrotter, has traveled the continent of Africa, Europe and extensively in South America and the Caribbean Islands.

Jumal's travels and life experiences bleed onto the pages of Spiritual Shackles in vivid detail, not just in the powerful writing and fascinating histories, but in the storytelling. It's the gritty griot style storytelling that binds the novel and grips tightly to the reader's imagination.