Table of Contents
Preface xi
1 New Directions for State and Local Government 1
Studying State and Local Government in the Twenty-First Century 2
The Capacity of States and Localities 4
The People: Designers and Consumers of Government 12
Linking Capacity to Results 18
Chapter Recap 18
2 Federalism and the States 20
The Concept of Federalism 22
The History of U.S. Federalism 24
Models of Federalism 32
Intergovernmental Relations 35
Federal Purse Strings 38
The Future of Federalism 42
Chapter Recap 44
3 State Constitutions 46
The Evolution of State Constitutions 47
Weaknesses of Constitutions 51
Constitutional Reform 55
Methods for Constitutional Change 59
State Responsiveness and Constitutional Reform 64
Chapter Recap 65
4 Citizen Participation and Elections 67
Participation 67
Elections 73
Direct Democracy 78
Citizen Access to Government 82
The Effects of Citizen Participation 85
Chapter Recap 87
5 Political Parties, Interest Groups, and Campaigns 89
Political Parties 89
Interest Groups 96
Political Campaigns 104
Chapter Recap 111
6 State Legislatures 113
The Essence of Legislatures 113
Legislative Dynamics 115
Legislative Behavior 123
How a Bill Becomes Law (or Not) 125
Legislative Reform and Capacity 128
Relationship with the Executive Branch 132
Legislatures and Capacity 136
Chapter Recap 136
7 Governors 138
The Office of Governor 139
The Roles of the Governor: Duties and Responsibilities 142
Formal Powers of the Governor 149
Informal Powers 158
Removal from Office 161
Other Executive Branch Officials 162
The Capability of U.S. Governor 164
Chapter Recap 164
8 Public Administration:Budgeting and Service Delivery 166
Public Employees in State and Local Government: Who They Are, What They Do 168
Budgeting in State and Local Government 168
Human Resource Policy in State and Local Government: From Patronage to Merit 176
The Politics of Bureaucracy 185
Reinventing Government 187
The Quality of Public Administration 191
Chapter Recap 193
9 The Judiciary 195
The Structure of State Court Systems 196
How Judges Are Selected 200
Judicial Decisionmaking 209
Judicial Federalism 214
Administrative and Organizational Improvements 216
Crime and Criminal Justice 219
Chapter Recap 221
10 State-Local Relations 223
The Distribution of Authority 224
State-Local Organizations 230
Metropolitics: A New Challenge For State Government 231
States and Their Rural Communities 239
The Interaction of States and Localities 240
Chapter Recap 241
11 Local Government: Structure and Leadership 243
Five Types of Local Governments 243
Leadership in Local Government 256
Communities and Governance 266
Chapter Recap 266
12 Taxing and Spending 269
The Principles of Finance 270
Revenues 272
The Political Economy of Taxation 284
Managing Money 291
State and Local Spending 294
Current Issues in State and Local Finance 298
Chapter Recap 298
References 1
Index 1
