Stem Cell And Tissue Engineering

by Song Li, Nicolas L'heureux, Jennifer Elisseeff

Overview

Tissue engineering integrates knowledge and tools from biological sciences and engineering for tissue regeneration. A challenge for tissue engineering is to identify appropriate cell sources. The recent advancement of stem cell biology provides enormous opportunities to engineer stem cells for tissue engineering. The impact of stem cell technology on tissue engineering will be revolutionary. This book covers state-of-the-art knowledge on the potential of stem cells for the regeneration of a wide range of tissues and organs and the technologies for studying and engineering stem cells. It serves as a valuable reference book for researchers and students.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9789814317054
Publisher:	World Scientific Publishing Company, Incorporated
Publication date:	01/14/2011
Edition description:	New Edition
Pages:	472
Product dimensions:	6.10(w) x 9.10(h) x 0.90(d)

Table of Contents

Contributors xiii

Preface xxiii

1 Tissue Engineering: From Basic Biology to Cell-Based Applications Robert M. Nerem 1

1 Introduction 1

2 Cell Source 3

3 Stem Cells 5

4 From Benchtop Science to Cell-Based Applications 7

5 Concluding Comments 8

Acknowledgments 0

References 9

2 Recent Advances and Future Perspectives on Somatic Cell Reprogramming Kun-Yong Kim In-Hyun Park 13

1 Introduction 13

2 Nuclear Reprogramming 14

3 Reprogramming by Defined Factors 16

4 Recent Advances in Reprogramming Methods 17

5 Future Perspectives on Reprogramming and iPS Cells 19

Acknowledgments 23

References 23

3 Hematopoietic Stem Cells Jennifer J. Trowbridge 31

1 Introcution 31

2 Hematopoietic Stem Cell Sources 32

3 Applications 36

4 Challenges for Tissue Engineering 37

Acknowledgments 41

References 42

4 Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Tissue Regeneration Ngan F. Huang Song Li 49

1 Introduction 49

2 MSC Sources and Phenotype 50

3 Differentiation of MSCs in vitro 52

4 Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Using Bone Marrow MSCs and ASCs 54

5 Future Directions 61

Acknowledgments 62

References 62

5 Delivery Vehicles for Deploying Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Tissue Repair Michael S. Friedman J. Kent Leach 71

1 Introduction 71

2 Delivery of MSCs for Repairing Cardiovascular Tissues 72

3 Delivery Vehicles for Deploying Stem Cells in Skin Regeneration 78

4 Biomaterials for Implanting MSCs for Regenerating Osteochondral Tissues 81

5 Conclusions 88

References 88

6 Stem Cells for Cardiac Tissue Engineering Jennifer L. Young Karen L. Christman Adam J. Engler 95

1 Cell Therapies for Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure 95

2 Cellular Cardiomyoplasty Revisited: The Influence of in Vitro Mechanics 98

3 Tissue Engineering Approach: Utilizing Biomaterial Scaffolds 102

References 107

7 Cardiovascular System: Stem Cells in Tissue-Engineered Blood Vessels Rajendra Sawh-Martinez Edward McGillicuddy Gustavo Villalona|vToshiharu Shin'oka Christopher K. Breuer 115

1 Introduction 115

2 Critical Elements of an Artificial Blood Vesselp117

3 Approaches to Creating TEBVs 119

4 Conclusion 127

Acknowledgments 128

References 128

8 Stem Cells for Vascular Regeneration: An Engineering Approach Laura E. Dickinson Sharon Gerecht 135

1 Introdtuion 135

2 Cell Sources 136

3 Engineering Vascular Differentiation 141

4 Three Dimensional Space 142

Acknowledgments 152

References 152

9 Stem Cells and Wound Repair Sae Hee Ko Allison Nauta Geoffrey C. Gurtner Michael T. Longaker 159

1 Clinical Burden of Wound Healing 159

2 Physiology of Wound Healing 161

3 Stem Cells and Wound Repair 165

4 Conclusion 173

References 174

10 Engineering Cartilage: From Materials to Small Molecules Jeannine M. Coburn Jennifer H. Elisseeff 181

1 Introduction 181

2 Structure of Articular Cartilage of the Knee 181

3 Osteoarthritis of the Knee 183

4 Surgical Strategies for Repairing Focal Cartilage Defects 185

5 Scaffolds for Assisting Operative Techniquep187

6 Measenchymal Stem Cells for Cartilage Tissue Engineering 192

7 Hydrogels for Directed Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells 193

8 Fiber-Hydrogel Composites 197

9 Small Molecules for Directing Chondrogenesis 199

10 Conclusion 201

Acknowledgments 202

References 202

11 Adult Stem Cells for Articular Cartilage Tissue Engineering Sushmita Saha Jennifer Kirkham David Wood Stephen Curran Xuebin B. Yang 211

1 Introduction 211

2 Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hBMMSCs) 213

3 Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (ASCS) 216

4 Periosteum Derived Stem Progenitor Cells (PDSCs/PDPCs) 217

5 Synovium Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (SMSCs) 218

6 Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells HDPSCs 219

7 Umbilical Cord Cord Blood Derived Stem Cells 220

8 Other Potential Cell Sources with a Chondrogenic Potential 220

9 Conclusion and Future Directions 222

Acknowledgments 222

References 222

12 Stem Cells for Disc Repair Aliza A. Allon Zorica Buser

1 Introduction 231

2 The Demanding Intervertebral Disc Environment 233

3 Evaluating a Stem Cell Based Therapy 234

4 Non Stem Cell Based Regeneration Strategies 236

5 Stem Cells for Disc Repair 237

6 Conclusion 244

References 244

13 Skeletal Tissue Engineering Progress and Prospects Nicholas J. Panetta Deepak M. Gupta Michael T. Longaker 251

1 Introdution 251

2 Lessons Learned from Endogenous Skeletal Tissue Development, Healing and Regeneration 255

3 Progenitor Cell-Based Skeletal Tissue Engineering 257

4 Pro-osteogenic Molecular Biology 261

5 Advances in Skeletal Tissue Engineering Scaffolds 266

6 Summary and Future Directions 268

References 269

14 Clinical Applications of a Stem Cell Based Therapy for Oral Bone Reconstruction Bradley McAllister Kamran haghighat 277

1 Introduction 277

2 Procurement Methodology for Stem Cell Containing Allograft 279

3 Ridge Augmentation 282

4 Sinus Augmentaion 284

5 Discussion 289

Acknowledgments 292

References 292

15 Therapeutic Strategies for Repairing the Injured Spinal Cord using Stem Cells Michael S. Beattie Jacqueline C. Bresnahan 297

1 Introduction 297

2 Secondary Injury and Endogenous Repair After SCI 299

3 Therapeutic Targets for Transplanted Stem and Progenitor Cells 300

4 Animal Models of Spinal Cord Injury 301

5 Types of Stem and Progenitor Cells Used for Transplantation in SCI 305

6 Evidence for Effects on Regeneration and Sprouting 306

7 Evidence for Effects on Neuroprotection 307

8 Evidence for Replacement of Neurons 307

9 Evidence for Oligodendrocyte Replacement and Remyelination 308

10 Keys to Future Progress 309

11 Are Stem and Progenitor Cell Therapies Ready for Clinical Trials 311

Acknowledgments 312

References 312

16 Potential to Tissue Engineering and Neural Stem Cells in the Understanding and Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases Caroline Auclair Daigle Francois Berthod 321

1 Intorduction 321

2 Neurodegenerative Diseases and Their Current Treatments 322

3 Tissue Engineering as a Tool to Better Understand Neurodegenerative Diseases 324

4 Neural Stem Cells to Treat Neurodegenerative Diseases 329

5 Conclusion 339

Acknowledgments 339

References 340

17 High-Throughput Systems for Stem Cell Engineering David A. Brafman Karl Willert Shu Chien 347

1 Introduction 347

2 Sources of Stem Cells Suitable for High-Throughput Screening Approaches 348

3 The Stem Cell Niche: A Cellular Microenvironment That Controls Stem Cell Behavior 349

4 High-Throughput Intrinsic Systems for Stem Cell Investigations 363

5 Conclusions and Future Trends 365

References 367

18 Microscale Technologies for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Differentiation Jason W. Nichol Hojae Bae Nezamoddin N. Kachouie Behnam Zamanian Mahdokht Masaeli Ali Khademhosseini 375

1 Introduction 375

2 Control of Cellular Tissue Microarchitecture 377

3 Microscale Technologies to Investigate and Control Stem Cell Behavior 380

4 Assembly Techniques for Creating Engineered Tissues from Microscale Building Blocks 385

5 Conclusions and Future Directions 391

References 391

19 Quality Control of Autologous Cell- and Tissue Based Therapies Nathalie Dusserre Todd McAllister Nicolas L'Heureux 397

1 Introcution 397

2 Regulations Pertaining to Quality Control of Cell- and Tissue Based Products 398

3 cGMP cGTP and Quality System 401

4 Core Requirements of a Quality Program 402

5 Tailoring Quality Control to the Manufacturing Process 407

6 Conclusion 417

Acknowledgments 418

References 418

20 Regulatory Challenges for Cell Based Therapentics Todd McAllister Corey Iyican Nathalie Dusserre Nicolas LHeureux 423

1 Introcution 423

2 Regulatory Challenges at Each Phase of Clinical Development 425

3 Regional Considerations for Clinical Trials 430

4 Use of a Clinical Research Organization 435

5 Universal Regulatory Considerations for Cell-Based Therapeutics 437

References 439

Index 441