The Times They Were a-Changin': 1964, the Year the Sixties Arrived and the Battle Lines of Today Were Drawn

by Robert S McElvaine

Overview

An award-winning historian on the transformative year in the sixties that continues to reverberate in our lives and politics—for readers of Heather Cox Richardson.

If 1968 marked a turning point in a pivotal decade, 1964—or rather, the long 1964, from JFK’s assassination in November 1963 to mid-1965—was the time when the sixties truly arrived. It was then that the United States began a radical shift toward a much more inclusive definition of “American,” with a greater degree of equality and a government actively involved in social and economic improvement.

It was a radical shift accompanied by a cultural revolution. The same month Bob Dylan released his iconic ballad “The Times They Are a-Changin’,” January 1964, President Lyndon Johnson announced his War on Poverty. Spurred by the civil rights movement and a generation pushing for change, the Civil Rights Act, the Voting Rights Act, and the Immigration and Nationality Act were passed during this period. This was a time of competing definitions of freedom. Freedom from racism, freedom from poverty. White youth sought freedoms they associated with black culture, captured imperfectly in the phrase “sex, drugs, and rock ’n’ roll.” Along with freedom from racist oppression, black Americans sought the opportunities associated with the white middle class: “white freedom.” Women challenged rigid gender roles. And in response to these freedoms, the changing mores, and youth culture, the contrary impulse found political expression in such figures as Barry Goldwater and Ronald Reagan, proponents of what was presented as freedom from government interference. Meanwhile, a nonevent in the Tonkin Gulf would accelerate the nation's plunge into the Vietnam tragedy.

In narrating 1964’s moment of reckoning, when American identity began to be reimagined, McElvaine ties those past battles to their legacy today. Throughout, he captures the changing consciousness of the period through its vibrant music, film, literature, and personalities.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781950994106
Publisher:	Arcade
Publication date:	06/07/2022
Pages:	480
Sales rank:	525,547
Product dimensions:	6.10(w) x 9.00(h) x 1.70(d)

About the Author

Robert S. McElvaine is the Elizabeth Chisholm Distinguished Professor of Arts & Letters and Professor of History at Millsaps College. He is the author of seven books, including The Great Depression: America, 1929–1941 and Eve’s Seed: Biology, the Sexes, and the Course of History, and is the editor of three. Among his many honors are the Richard Wright Award for Literary Excellence and the B. L. C. Wailes Award for national distinction in the field of history. He has served as historical consultant for several television programs, including the PBS series The Great Depression, and has written more than one hundred articles and opinion pieces in such national publications as the New York Times, Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, Wall Street Journal, the Nation, and Newsweek and has been a guest on about the same number of television and radio programs. He lives in Clinton, Mississippi.

Table of Contents

Preface xi

Introduction 1964 in the Context of the History of "The Land of the Free" 1

Chapter 1 "A Change Is Gonna Come": 1964 and the Battle Lines of Today 11

Chapter 2 Death and Rebirth: An Early Start to a Long Year: JFK Departs; the Beatles Arrive 29

Chapter 3 The Colossus of the Long 1964: Lyndon Baines Johnson 39

Chapter 4 Declaring War on Racism and Poverty: Lyndon Johnson Moves to Spread "White Freedom" 55

Chapter 5 The End of the Old Frontier: Dr. Strangelove, or: How We Learned to Start Laughing and Hate the Bomb 67

Chapter 6 A Whiter Shade of Pink: The British Invasion, First Wave 79

Chapter 7 "You Don't Own Me": Asserting Women's Freedom through Song and Other Means 93

Chapter 8 Emancipation Proclamations: Cassius Clay and Malcolm X 107

Chapter 9 "This Damned Vietnam Thing" "We've Got to Conduct Ourselves Like Men" 131

Chapter 10 Paint It Black with a Union Jack: "Black Freedom" Returns to America: The British Invasion, Second Wave 143

Chapter 11 A Midsummer Night's Nightmare: Three Dead in Mississippi 163

Chapter 12 Reenacting Reconstruction(s): The Civil Rights Act and the Great Society 177

Chapter 13 The Crossroads of Freedom: The Mississippi Freedom Summer 197

Chapter 14 "Extremism in Defense of Liberty": Goldwater and the Republicans 209

Chapter 15 LBJ Proposes to "That Bitch of a War": The Tonkin Gulf 231

Chapter 16 Mrs. Hamer Goes to Atlantic City: The Freedom Party vs. the Anti-Freedom Party 247

Chapter 17 Speaking Freely: Berkeley 265

Chapter 18 "To Be President of ALL the People": The 1964 Election 285

Chapter 19 "No More a Man's World Than It Is a White World": Women and Their Positions 303

Chapter 20 Nonviolence and Violence: Year-end in Oslo and Saigon 319

Chapter 21 "Unmatched in the History of Freedom": The Rest of the Long 1964 and the Lasting Impact of the Year 329

Acknowledgments 359

Permissions Acknowledgments 365

Notes 367

Bibliography 419

Illustration Credits 433

Index 439

Editorial Reviews

Mississippi Institute of Arts and Letters Nonfiction Book of the Year
“Illuminating, provocative, and entertaining . . . The book shines when serving as a reminder of why the public remains infatuated with the decade. The 1960s, McElvaine explains, ‘still define the political, social, cultural, and economic battle lines along which Americans contend today.’”—Washington Post

“The Times They Were a-Changin’ is a riveting book on the progressive advances that were achieved in 'the Long 1964.' McElvaine presents vivid details and unapologetic truths that can help to thwart rightwing radicals’ plans to annihilate the progress we have made toward equality. This eye-opening book makes clear the reasons society must study past mistakes to prevent them from reoccurring.”—Rep. Bennie G. Thompson, Chairman, House Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on U.S. Capitol 

"In a lively, lucid, and fast-paced narrative, Robert McElvaine summons the past to illuminate today’s existential threats to democracy—and the resources that might help us surmount them. In the hands of this gifted storyteller, 1964 becomes a prism through which to see the present with fresh eyes, just in time to save the future."—Nancy MacLean, author of Democracy in Chains: The Deep History of the Radical Right’s Stealth Plan for America 

“Sparkling with insights on every page, Robert McElvaine’s take on 1964 reminds us vividly of the days when the sixties were young and hopeful and liberation was something new and exciting. A brilliant reminder of how the pursuit of freedom by Americans of every kind gave us the world we still live in today.”—Thomas Frank, New York Times bestselling author of What’s the Matter with Kansas?

“Reading The Times They Were a-Changin’ provides a fascinating look at the greater tides of American culture and sentiment in the last 60 years that gives clarity about our current moment.”—Liz Phair, singer, songwriter & author

“1964 was a seminal year in modern American history, across culture and politics. In The Times They Were A-Changin', Bob McElvaine skillfully and compellingly tells the story, weaving into it important links to and observations on American history past and present. Let's hope the future represents the best and not the worst of that year's events and trends!”—Norman Ornstein, Emeritus Scholar, American Enterprise Institute

“A richly researched, fast-paced historical reminder of the pivotal year of 1964.”—James T. Patterson, Ford Foundation Professor of History, Brown University, Bancroft Prize-winning author of Grand Expectations: The United States, 1945–1974

“Here is the book you must read to understand how the United States changed in the 1960s. In this beautifully written book, McElvaine combines political and cultural history with the skills of a master craftsman. There are fresh insights on nearly every page.”—Lloyd C. Gardner, Charles & Mary Beard Professor of History Emeritus, Rutgers University, author of Pay Any Price: Lyndon Johnson and the Wars for Vietnam 

“The Times They Were a-Changin’ is a fascinating, highly readable reminder of that crucial period in the 1960s when American history permanently changed course.”—Clayborne Carson, Martin Luther King Jr. Centennial Professor of History Emeritus, Stanford University and  author of In Struggle: SNCC and the Black Awakening of the 1960s

“Robert McElvaine’s vivid new book takes us into the heart of the ’60s, to a year dominated by questions of freedom and justice, equality, and opportunity. The Times They Were a-Changin’ is a compelling, enlightening, sometimes heartbreaking reminder of what once was, what might have been, and what still could be, if only we’re willing to demand the best of our nation and ourselves.”—Kevin Boyle, William Smith Mason Professor of American History, Northwestern University,  and award-winning author of The Shattering: America in the 1960s

“The Times They Were A-Changin’ is a rich and revealing work of narrative history that takes a close look at pivotal cultural, political, and social movements that continue to have an impact today. Robert McElvaine carefully weaves together historic events and popular culture to tell a story not only about the beginning of ‘the sixties' but also the way that 1964 disrupted the strict conformity of the 1950s. This is a book not so much about the way we lived then as it is one that explains a great deal about the way we live now.”—W. Ralph Eubanks, author of A Place Like Mississippi and former director of publishing, Library of Congress

“With the consummate skill of a remarkably mature historian, Robert McElvaine looks at the year 1964, making the powerful case of just how crucial that year was for creating the period we call The Sixties and for creating issues that have passed down to the present moment.  McElvaine skillfully maneuvers between politics and popular culture, social movements and artistic trends, foreign policy and changing personal habits, sketches of individuals and sweeping historical panoramas. This book is just great!”—Alexander Bloom, author of Takin’ It to the Streets: A Sixties Reader and Long Time Gone: Sixties America Then and Now   

“A highly original and deeply insightful analysis of events from 1964 and their direct connections to the present day's brutal political divisions. McElvaine's masterful, highly readable (and frequently humorous) interpretation of events solidly makes the connections between then and now. The Times They Were A-Changin' is a powerful reminder of the fragility of progress and the ever-present need to remain actively vigilant against primitive retrograde attempts to dehumanize those considered different.”—Lewis Perdue, author of Daughter of God 

"McElvaine’s book will be enjoyable for readers who like popular history, and particularly for Baby Boomers feeling wistful about the past."—Library Journal

"McElvaine restores America's vision as if an opthalmologist."—Clarion-Ledger

From the Publisher

05/06/2022

It's hard to imagine a year that had more major events than 1964, and McElvaine (history, Millsaps Coll.; Grand Theft Jesus: The Hijacking of Religion in America) attempts to distill all of this in his newest work. The year 1964 included the civil rights movement, the escalating war in Vietnam, a major turning-point presidential election—and the Beatles! This book contains a lot of intriguing historical tidbits, some that may even be quite shocking to current sensibilities; some long-known (but usually whispered) anecdotes about President Lyndon Johnson, in particular, paint an unflattering picture. While the shock factor may serve a certain prurient interest, it's difficult for readers to get a feel for the time period as a whole from such exposures. In fact, an ongoing problem with McElvaine's book is its overemphasis on making contrasts between 1964 and the political and cultural climate of the 2020s; no story from 1964 seems to be told without an immediate matching reference to today. It comes off as if the author doesn't trust his readers to see the historical parallels for themselves. Nonetheless, it's hard to make a year like 1964 uninteresting. VERDICT Despite its flaws, McElvaine's book will be enjoyable for readers who like popular history, and particularly for Baby Boomers feeling wistful about the past.—Brett Rohlwing

Library Journal