From Warfare to Welfare: Defense Intellectuals and Urban Problems in Cold War America

by Jennifer S. Light

Overview

During the early decades of the Cold War, large-scale investments in American defense and aerospace research and development spawned a variety of problem-solving techniques, technologies, and institutions. From systems analysis to reconnaissance satellites to think tanks, these innovations did not remain exclusive accessories of the defense establishment. Instead, they readily found civilian applications in both the private and public sector. City planning and management were no exception.

Jennifer Light argues that the technologies and values of the Cold War fundamentally shaped the history of postwar urban America. From Warfare to Welfare documents how American intellectuals, city leaders, and the federal government chose to attack problems in the nation's cities by borrowing techniques and technologies first designed for military engagement with foreign enemies. Experiments in urban problem solving adapted the expertise of defense professionals to face new threats: urban chaos, blight, and social unrest. Tracing the transfer of innovations from military to city planning and management, Light reveals how a continuing source of inspiration for American city administrators lay in the nation's preparations for war.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780801874222
Publisher:	Johns Hopkins University Press
Publication date:	12/24/2003
Edition description:	New Edition
Pages:	304
Product dimensions:	6.00(w) x 9.00(h) x 1.04(d)
Age Range:	18 Years

About the Author

Jennifer S. Light is an associate professor of communication studies, history, and sociology at Northwestern University.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments
Introduction
1. Planning for the Atomic Age: Creating a Community of Experts
Part I: Command, Control, and Community
2. The City as a Communication System
3. Cybernetics and Urban Renewal
Part II: Cities in the Space Age
4. Urban Intelligence Gathering
5. Moon-Shot Management for American Cities
Part III: The Urban Crisis as National Security Crisis
6. Cable as a Cold War Technology
7. Wired Cities
Conclusion
Notes
Note on Sources
Index

What People are Saying About This

Harold Finger

This is an outstanding presentation and analysis that should attract significant attention especially recognizing current issues in this area. Jennifer Light has produced an outstanding discussion and evaluation of the capabilities, efforts, tools, and contributions of technologists, scientists, managers, planners, analysts from the military, aerospace, and other federal government agencies.

— Harold Finger, former NASA Associate Administrator for Organization and Management and former HUD Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology

From the Publisher

Light demonstrates how careful attention to the connection between cold war planning and urban planning forces us to rethink the recent history of the American city. This is really a study of how defense intellectuals managed to convince a couple generations of planners and politicians that they had something valuable to learn from RAND, JPL, and NASA.
—Stuart W. Leslie, The Johns Hopkins University

This is an outstanding presentation and analysis that should attract significant attention especially recognizing current issues in this area. Jennifer Light has produced an outstanding discussion and evaluation of the capabilities, efforts, tools, and contributions of technologists, scientists, managers, planners, analysts from the military, aerospace, and other federal government agencies.
—Harold Finger, former NASA Associate Administrator for Organization and Management and former HUD Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology

Stuart W. Leslie

Light demonstrates how careful attention to the connection between cold war planning and urban planning forces us to rethink the recent history of the American city. This is really a study of how defense intellectuals managed to convince a couple generations of planners and politicians that they had something valuable to learn from RAND, JPL, and NASA.

— Stuart W. Leslie, The Johns Hopkins University

Editorial Reviews

An exceptionally useful contribution to the history of American cities, a book that takes seriously and does much to document the historical relationship between militarism and urban geography.
—Matthew Farish, Professional Geographer

As historians of American cities stumble across missile experts straying far from their silos, they will find guidance in this careful account of a peculiar moment in urban policy.
—Zachary M. Schrag, Technology and Culture

A very interesting book about the way in which American institutions get bamboozled into adopting popular fads and trends that ought to be scrutinized more carefully.
—Roger W. Lotchin, Journal of Military History

Light stands some of the conventional Cold War wisdom on its head . . . This study not only closes the loop between business management and the military back to the civilian sector, but also reminds readers of the continuing nature of unintended consequences that flow from expert technological obsessions when allied to policy making.
—Choice

If the volume tells us something new and important about the history of planning, it is at the same time a cautionary tale, one that might well offer lessons to those today who are proposing many related technologies—geographic information systems, remote surveillance systems and the like—as a means for solving urban and military problems.
—Michael R. Curry, New Media and Society

A compelling historical narrative that exposes a little-known linkage between defense and civilian affairs: the urban-planning applications of technologies and management styles that were developed originally for national defense.
—Journal of Planning Education and Research

In this superbly written intellectual history, Jennifer Light describes the impact on urban planning of the cybernetic revolution, which advanced a general theory of biological and machine communications after World War II.
—Peace and Change

Light has made an important contribution by showing how defense intellectuals contributed to the creation and promotion of cybercities.
—Nils Gilman, Journal of Cold War Studies

This well-written study introduces a new and important cast of urban decision-makers to the story of post-war urban America.
—Margaret Pugh O'Mara, Urban History

A strong and useful contribution to American Cold War history, and perhaps even more to an understanding of the nature of American power after the Cold War.
—Campbell Craig, American Historical Review

From the Publisher

Light stands some of the conventional Cold War wisdom on its head . . . This study not only closes the loop between business management and the military back to the civilian sector, but also reminds readers of the continuing nature of unintended consequences that flow from expert technological obsessions when allied to policy making.

Choice

If the volume tells us something new and important about the history of planning, it is at the same time a cautionary tale, one that might well offer lessons to those today who are proposing many related technologies—geographic information systems, remote surveillance systems and the like—as a means for solving urban and military problems.

New Media and Society - Michael R. Curry

As historians of American cities stumble across missile experts straying far from their silos, they will find guidance in this careful account of a peculiar moment in urban policy.

Technology and Culture - Zachary M. Schrag

An exceptionally useful contribution to the history of American cities, a book that takes seriously and does much to document the historical relationship between militarism and urban geography.

Professional Geographer - Matthew Farish

A compelling historical narrative that exposes a little-known linkage between defense and civilian affairs: the urban-planning applications of technologies and management styles that were developed originally for national defense.

Journal of Planning Education and Research

This well-written study introduces a new and important cast of urban decision-makers to the story of post-war urban America.

Urban History - Margaret Pugh O'Mara

A very interesting book about the way in which American institutions get bamboozled into adopting popular fads and trends that ought to be scrutinized more carefully.

Journal of Military History - Roger W. Lotchin

In this superbly written intellectual history, Jennifer Light describes the impact on urban planning of the cybernetic revolution, which advanced a general theory of biological and machine communications after World War II.

Peace and Change

A strong and useful contribution to American Cold War history, and perhaps even more to an understanding of the nature of American power after the Cold War.

American Historical Review - Campbell Craig

Light has made an important contribution by showing how defense intellectuals contributed to the creation and promotion of cybercities.

Journal of Cold War Studies - Nils Gilman

A strong and useful contribution to American Cold War history, and perhaps even more to an understanding of the nature of American power after the Cold War.

— Campbell Craig

American Historical Review

This well-written study introduces a new and important cast of urban decision-makers to the story of post-war urban America.

— Margaret Pugh O'Mara

Urban History

Light has made an important contribution by showing how defense intellectuals contributed to the creation and promotion of cybercities.

— Nils Gilman

Journal of Cold War Studies

In this superbly written intellectual history, Jennifer Light describes the impact on urban planning of the cybernetic revolution, which advanced a general theory of biological and machine communications after World War II.

Peace & Change

If the volume tells us something new and important about the history of planning, it is at the same time a cautionary tale, one that might well offer lessons to those today who are proposing many related technologies—geographic information systems, remote surveillance systems and the like—as a means for solving urban and military problems.

— Michael R. Curry

New Media and Society

A very interesting book about the way in which American institutions get bamboozled into adopting popular fads and trends that ought to be scrutinized more carefully.

— Roger W. Lotchin

Journal of Military History

As historians of American cities stumble across missile experts straying far from their silos, they will find guidance in this careful account of a peculiar moment in urban policy.

— Zachary M. Schrag

Technology and Culture

An exceptionally useful contribution to the history of American cities, a book that takes seriously and does much to document the historical relationship between militarism and urban geography.

— Matthew Farish

Professional Geographer