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The Creole English Grammar

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Konsiderasyon sou lang an jeneral ak sou kreyòl an patikilye

1.1 GENERAL APPRECIATION

1.1 Konsiderasyon sou lang an jeneral

Pale de (2) lang jounen jodi a pa sifi. Kounye a, nou nan moman globalizasyon, nan moman pwogrè teknolojik, syantifik ak enfòmasyon. Se yon moman chanjman rapid, jan Thornburg te prevwa sa depi an 1992. Dapre li, apati lane 2000, nou t apral viv nan yon moman de: "chanjman rapid, yon mond globalize, yon tan de avansman nan edikasyon teknolojik moun potko janm wè ... An menm tan tou, se yon tan ki plen anpil defi, menas ak opòtinite". Nan menm ide sa yo, koleksyon Bèl Kontwòl kreyòl sa a prevwa chanjman yo ap afekte jan moun aprann yon lòt lang e se pou sa nou prepare nou pou leve defi a.

Anplis, yon moun ki bezwen aprann yon lang dwe konpare pwòp lang li deja konnen an ak sa lap aprann nan.

Konsa tou, nan koleksyon sa a, nou mete anpil enfòmasyon ki gen pou wè ak konvèsayon chak jou, vokabilè anpil lòt matyè moun aprann lekòl, refleksyon ak anpil lòt tèm jeneral, san konte anpil egzanp ak egzèsis, dekwa pou aprantisaj la ka sanble tèt koupe ak anbyans lavi kouran moun k ap aprann nan.

Pa konsekan, nou panse [ke] liv kreyòl sa yo kapab itil nan plizyè aspè. Si ou genyen li nan men ou, pa kouri mete l yon kote. Si w poko genyen l, chache fè sa. Li posib yon lè, ou ka bezwen l.

1.2 KONSIDERASYON PEDAGOJIK

Nou te wè pou yon moun aprann byen yon lang, li dwe konsidere yon seri faktè ki rele KLEP, sa vle di Koute moun kap pale lang lan, Li lang lan, Ekri lang lan e Pale li. Se avèk rezon filozòf la te di tout konesans nou genyen pase nan sans nou yo (zorèy, je, men, bouch ...). Metòd KLEP-KREYOL la se yon manyè, yon fason pou moun kapte, nou ta di menm "vòlè" kreyòl la rapid mete nan tèt li. Se yon metòd global total kapital. Ann pran kèk egzanp : Yon moun ki pale espanyòl byen konnen diferans an pwononsyasyon, an ekriti e an siyifikasyon ant taza (cup) e tasa (tax); ant jamón (jam) y jabón (soap); ant bellón e ficha (moneda, según la región), etc. Si yon moun pale franse byen, li konnen diferans ant "yeux" e "oeils"; ant "aïeux" et "aïeuls" e li konnen pwononse byen fraz sa a "les héros de l'indépendance". Si yon moun maton nan anglè, li kapab distenge pwononsyasyon e siyifikasyon mo sa yo, pa egzanp: "child and children"," island", to lead and the lead (metal), elatriye (elt). Moun sa yo te pase nan kat etap aprantisaj lang yo.

1.2.1 Pouki sa yon moun ta dwe aprann yon lòt lang? Yon moun kapab aprann yon lòt lang pou plizyè rezon : (1) pou l kominike ak lòt moun (enteraksyon), (2) pou l aprann lòt enfòmasyon ak lòt kilti, (3) pou l fasilite vwayaj li aletranje, (4) pou l ede lòt moun, (5) pa kiryozite, (6) pou fè tan pase, (7) paske lang lan bèl, (8) pou rezon travay, pami lòt rezon ankò. Ou ka gen pwòp rezon pa ou pou aprann kreyòl.

Tout moun bezwen kominike nan yon lang. Dapre Andreas Kemke (Andrews Larry, Linguistics for L2 Teachers, p. 20), menm Bondye genyen yon lang: Li konn pale swedwa, tandiske Adan ak Ev ta konn pale danwa; sèpan li menm ta konn pale franse.

1.2.2 Objektif Bèl Kontwòl kreyòl.

Bi koleksyon liv sa yo se fasilite aprantisaj oubyen akizisyon lang kreyòl de baz franse a (menm lè rasin li se lang afriken yo) pou moun ki pale anglè. Konsa tou, li kapab fasilite moun ki pale kreyòl yo vin aprann angle pi fasil, oubyen konpare de lang yo.

Nou kwè jous jounen jodi a, koleksyon liv sa a reyini plis règ, atou ak egzanp, an akò avèk òtograf ofisyèl kreyòl ayisyen an. Nou kwè tou, si yon moun reyini tout koleksyon kontwòl kreyòl la, li kapab rive pran kontwòl lang lan jous li vin maton ladan n.

Nou rekonèt tou kreyòl la, tankou tout lòt yo, se yon lang elastik: plis yon moun ap aprann mo ak règ, se konsa plis lòt mo ak lòt règ ap parèt. Se yon lang ki jèn. Malgre tou, seri kontwòl kreyòl la se yon gwo zouti pou moun koute, li, ekri e pale kreyòl, pandan lap revize pwòp lang li, nan ka sa a, lang anglè a.

Definitivman, Kontwòl kreyòl prezante, defini, sitiye, valorize, konpare e rann disponib lang kreyòl de baz franse a, kreyòl ki diferan de lòt kreyòl de baz angle, pòtigè ou espanyòl.

Kreyòl se yon lang de kominikasyon ki pale nan lemond antye, an patikilye nan peyi ki nan zòn Karayib la tankou: Ayiti, Ladominik, Gwadloup, Jamayik ak Matinik. Nan kèk nan peyi sa yo tankou Ayiti, gen moun se sèl kreyòl yo pale. Nou jwenn kreyòl la gaye nan zèv ekri plizyè otè ak entelektyèl karayib sa yo, lè yo pa ekri totalman an kreyòl. Nan liv sa a, nou mete aksan ni sou jan moun pale kreyòl la e ni sou jan l ta dwe pale. Nou mete nan gramè sa a anpil mo, ekspresyon ak fraz fransè ki te pase nan kreyòl la (se fransè ki ekri e pwononse an kreyòl).

Nou swete tout moun bon travay e bòn chans.

1.2.3 Ti non jwèt lang yo /The surname of the tongues.

Alman se lang Get

Anglè se lang Chekspi

Panyòl se lang Sèvantès

Esperanto se lang Zamenòf

Franse se lang Molyè ou Voltè

Grèk se lang Omè

Laten se lang Sisewon

Italyen se lang Dant

Nelandè se lang Vondel

Pòtigè se lang Kamoz

Ris se lang Tolstoyi

Kreyòl se lang ki moun?

1.1 General consideration on languages

Nowadays, speaking one or two languages is anymore really a big deal. We are now in an era of global, technological, scientific progress, and explosion of information. We live in a moment of rapid changes, as forseen by Thornburg since 1992. According to him, "by the year 2000, we would have a moment of: rapid changes, a global world and an advanced time of technological education never seen before. By the same token, it would be an era full of treats, but also of opportunities". In this perspective, the present collection of Bèl Control Creole is written to deal with those factors that affect definitely the way people learn a new language.

After reviewing lot of pedagogical theories, methods, and techniques, we concluded that a language teacher needs a complete tool which would help gather information for the daily class preparation. If the information is already available, the teacher can use the spare time in other didactical activities, for the benefits of the learners. It is with that purpose that Bèl Control Creole in sets of books in four languages can help anyone to Listen to, to Read, to Write, and to Speak (KLEP) the Creole language.

We realize that anyone who needs to learn a new language has to compare his or her natural language with the target one. To do so, we gather lot of information related to daily conversations as well as vocabularies of several topics such as those related to almost all matters for the classroom, reflexions and other general matters, including examples and exercises, so that the learning process would be very similar with the natural one.

Consequently, we believe that this collection will be useful in several aspects, because of its completeness. If you have it at your scope, do not throw it away. If you do not have it yet, try do do so, because you may need it to KLEP the Creole language.

1.2 PEDAGOGICAL APPRECIATION

To learn better a language, there are series of factors to be considered. Among these factors there are the so called KLEP, a Creole acronym for "KOUTE, LI, EKRI, PALE" (Listening, reading, writing, and speaking). That is, to learn a language, we need to listen someone speak it; then, we need to be able to read it, to write it, and finally to speak it. A philosopher was right when he wrote: "All our knowledge passes by our senses" (ears, eyes, hands, and mouth ...). Thus, the Spanish speaker for example knows well the difference between taza (cup) and tasa (tax); between jamón (jam) and jabón (soap); between bellón and ficha (name for money in different regions), etc. If the learner speaks French, he or she knows the difference between the "yeux and oeils; between aïeux et aïeuls and knows the exact pronunciation of the phrase "les héros de l'Indépendance". If someone is a good English speaker, he or she knows the pronunciation of words such as: data, child, and children, and so on.

1.2.1 Why do people should learn another language?

People may learn an additional language for several reasons: (1) for communication purpose, (2) for getting other information and culture, (3) for travel purpose in foreign countries, (4) for helping other people, (5) by curiosity, (6) for killing the time, (7) because the language is beautiful, (8) for jobs purpose, among other reasons. You may have your own reason for learning Creole.

Everyone needs to communicate in at least one language. It is a necessity. According to Andreas Kemke (Andrews Larry, Linguistics for L2 Teachers, p. 20), even God got a language: He would speak Swedish; Adam and Eve would speak Danish; the snake would speak French.

1.2.2 Objectives of Bèl Control Creole

The purpose of this manual is to facilitate an English speaker to learn and/or improve the French Haitian Creole language (even though the Creole come really from the African languages). Also, the learner can easily compare the two languages.

We believe this Bèl Kontwòl Kreyòl collection Creole-English is the complete one which is in the market to enhance the Creole learning. If someone possesses the collection, we believe for sure that he will master the Haitian Creole.

However, we do recognize that Creole, as all other languages, is very elastic. We cannot pretend that this grammar incompasses all Creole rules and exceptions. Words continue to be added in this relatively new language. Nethertheless, the Bèl Kontwòl Kreyòl is definitely a complete and useful tool to KLEP the language, that is, to listen to it, read it, write it, and speak it.

Definitely, the purpose of this grammar is to present, define, limit, valorise, compare, and make available the French-based Haitian Creole which is different from the English-based, Portuguese-based or even Spanish-based Creole.

Creole is a language of communication which is spoken worldwide, particularly in the Caribbean countries such as: Haiti, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, St Lucia, and Martinica. In some of those countries such as Haiti, there are people who speak only Creole. Besides, we find the Creole gathered in the written documents of most of Caribbean authors and intellectuals, when they do not write totally in Creole. In this book, we consider both the use (communication) and the usage (grammar rules) of the Creole language. Several French words, expressions, and sentences that have been creolized are reproduced here (French words written and pronounced in Creole)

We wish everyone good work and good luck.

German is the language of Goethe

English is the language of Shakespeare

Spanish is the language of Cervantes

Esperanto is the language of Zamenhof

French is the language of Molière ou Voltaire

Greek is the language of Homère

Itialian is the language of Ciceron

Latin is the language of Dante

Netherlands is the language of Vondel

Portuguese is the language of Camões

Russian is the language of Tolstoi

Creole is the language of?

2.1 Lang kreyòl an jeneral

"Without knowing the forces of words, it is impossible to know men" (Confucius, Analects XX.3.(512)

"If you think in terms of a year, plant a seed; if in terms of ten years, plant trees; if in terms of 100 years, teach the people" (Confucius)

"I hear, and I forget. I see and I remember. I do and I understand. (Confucius)

2.2 Sa sa ye Kreyòl?

Kreyòl ta soti nan yon mo pòtigè "Crioulo" oubyen "criolo", mo ki li menm ta soti nan vèb laten "criare", sa vle di, elve lakay yon mèt, domestik. Moun te itilize mo a nan Lamerik pou deziye timoun ki fèt nan koloni an, men ki gen paran ewopeyen. Nan yon sans jeneral, men ki sa kreyòl vle te di:

2.2.1 Nèg ki fèt nan koloni an.

2.2.2 Kenpòt timoun ki fèt nan koloni an ki diferan de yon timoun blan ou timoun nwa sèlman.

2.2.3 Lang ewopeyen ki kowonpi, sa vle di lang nèg mal itilize lè yap kominike avèk mèt yo.

2.2.4 Yon vèsyon redui oubyen senplifye de lang kolon an ki se yon seri imitasyon pou fè esklav rive kominike pi byen ak mèt li (Bloomfield & Clarence, 1961);

2.2.5 Kreyòl se tankou yon tablo penti miltikolò, paske li soti nan divès sous kiltirèl: endijèn, espanyòl, franse, lang afriken ak angle

2.2.6 Kreyòl se yon lang d izaj imedyat, yon lang kote nou eksprime folklò nou, kote nou fè sansasyon nou pase, yon lang ki gen anpil fòs (Césaire).

2.3 Diferan kalite lang kreyòl

Kreyòl se pa yon lang ki pale sèlman an Ayiti kote gen anviwon 10 milyon moun kap itilize l chak jou anndan peyi a, san n pa bliye plizyè milye lòt ayisyen nan peyi etranje. Nou jwenn lang kreyòl la nan lemond antye, menm si kreyòl sa yo gen baz diferan. Nou jwenn kreyòl la depi soti Oseyan Atlantik pou rive jous nan Oseyan Endyen e Oseyan Pasifik. Dapre yon enstitisyon ki rele "Summer Institute of Linguistics" (SIL), genyen anviwon swasannsis (66) kalite lang kreyòl nan lemond, e lamajorite nan yo gen kenz lang kòm baz. Pa egzanp, nou jwenn baz afriken, alman, espanyòl, fransè, anglè ak pòtigè. Dapre Paultre (1982), se nan rejyon Karayib la nou jwenn plis moun ki pale kreyòl. Dapre Dr. Albert Valdman, se an Ayiti nou jwenn twaka moun ki pale kreyòl nan lemond.

2.2 What Is Creole?

Creole would come from the Portuguese word "crioulo" or "criolo", the past participle of the Latin verb "criare", that means, raised in the owner's house; domestic. In America, the word was referred to the children born in the colonies, but from European parents. In a wider sense, Creole means, among others:

2.2.1 Negroes born in the colonies, autochtones.

2.2.2 Any child born in the colonies who are different from the pure white or pure black.

2.2.3 The European language corrupted (adapted) in communication with the Negroes.

2.2.4 A reduced or simplified version of the owner's language, product of a series of recursive imitation (Bloomfield & Clarence, 1961);

2.2.5 A multicolored painting, since Creole comes from diverse culture: Indigenous, Spanish, French, African languages, and English.

2.2.6 The language of immediate use, of folklore, feelings, and intensity (According to Aimé Césaire).

2.3 Different Types of Creole Languages

Creole is not a language which is spoken only in Haiti, where it is used by more than 10 millions of Haitians in Haiti and abroad. It refers to a wide variety of languages that are spoken worldwide with different bases.

Creole languages are expanded from the Atlantic Ocean to the Indian and Pacific Oceans. According to the Summer Institute of Linguistics" or SIL, there are about sixty six (66) types of Creole in the world, most of them having fifteen languages as bases, such as: African, German, Spanish, French, English, and Portuguese. The Caribbean region is the place where the majority of Creole speaking countries are found (Paultre, 1982). According to Dr. Albert Valman, it is in Haiti that we find a third part of the Creole language speakers.

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Excerpted from The Creole English Grammar by Tercius Belfort Noëlsaint. Copyright © 2015 Tercius Belfort Noëlsaint. Excerpted by permission of AuthorHouse.
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