Table of Contents

Preface x

Introduction: Preparing for the Advanced Placements® Exam in U.S. History xi

Period 1 1491-1607 1

Chapter 1 A New World of Many Cultures, 1491-1607 2

Historical Perspectives: Was Columbus a Great Hero? 13

Think As a Historian: Questions About Causation 20

Period 1 Review 21

Analyzing Evidence 21

Period 2 1607-1754 23

Chapter 2 The Thirteen Colonies and the British Empire, 1607-1754 24

Historical Perspectives: How Influential Were the Puritans? 38

Think As a Historian: Questions About Continuity 44

Chapter 3 Colonial Society in the 18th Century 45

Historical Perspectives: Was Colonial Society Democratic? 55

Think As a Historian: Questions About Change over Time 62

Period 2 Review 63

Long Essay Questions 63

Document-Based Question: Unity in the English Colonies 64

Period 3 1754-1800

Chapter 4 Imperial Wars and Colonial Protest, 1754-1774 69

Historical Perspectives: Why Did the Colonies Rebel? 77

Think As a Historian: Questions About Comparisons 84

Chapter 5 The American Revolution and Confederation, 1774-1787 85

Historical Perspectives: How Radical Was the Revolution? 95

Think As a Historian: Questions About Contextualization 102

Chapter 6 The Constitution and the New Republic, 1787-1800 103

Historical Perspectives: What Does the Constitution Mean? 118

Think As a Historian: Questions About Argumentation 125

Period 3 Review 126

Long Essay Questions 126

Document-Based Question: Taxation and the Revolution 127

Period 4 1800-1848 130

Chapter 7 The Age of Jefferson, 1800-1316 131

Historical Perspectives: What Caused Political Parties? 142

Think As a Historian: Uses of Historical Evidence 149

Chapters Nationalism and Economic Development, 1816-1848 150

Historical Perspectives: What Led to the Monroe Doctrine? 165

Think As a Historian: Questions About Interpretation 172

Chapter 9 Sectionalism, 1820-1860 173

Historical Perspectives: What Was the Nature of Slavery? 183

Think As a Historian: Questions About Relationships Among Evidence 190

Chapter 10 The Age of Jackson, 1824-1844 191

Historical Perspectives: Were the Jacksonians Democratic? 199

Think As a Historian: Statements About Causation 206

Chapter 11 Society, Culture, and Reform, 1820-1860 207

Historical Perspectives: What Motivated Reformers? 216

Think As a Historian: Statements About Continuity and Change Over Time 223

Period 4 Review 224

Long Essay Questions 224

Document-Based Question: Nationalism and Sectionalism 226

Period 5 1844-1877 229

Chapter 12 Territorial and Economic Expansion, 1830-1860 230

Historical Perspectives: What Caused Manifest Destiny? 239

Think As a Historian: Supporting a Thesis About Continuity 246

Chapter 13 The Union in Peril, 1848-1861 247

Historical Perspectives: What Caused the Civil War? 260

Think As a Historian: Statements About Comparisons 267

Chapter 14 The Civil War, 1861-1865 268

Historical Perspectives: Why Did the Union Win? 283

Think As a Historian: Statements About Contextualization 290

Chapter 15 Reconstruction, 1863-1877 291

Historical Perspectives: Did Reconstruction Fail? 303

Think As a Historian: Statements About Argumentation 310

Period 5 Review 311

Long Essay Questions 311

Document-Based Question I: Manifest Destiny and National Unity 312

Document-Based Question 2: Political Leadership before the Civil War 315

Period 6 1865-1898 318

Chapter 16 The Rise of Industrial America, 1865-1900 319

Historical Perspectives: Statesmen or Robber Barons? 332

Think As a Historian: Statements About Context 338

Chapter 17 The Last West and the New South 1865-1900 339

Historical Perspectives: How Did the Frontier Develop? 353

Think As a Historian: Statements About Evidence 359

Chapter 18 The Growth of Cities and American Culture, 1865-1900 360

Historical Perspectives: Melting Pot or Cultural Diversity? 373

Think As a Historian: Statements About Interpretation 379

Chapter 19 The Politics of the Gilded Age, 1877-1900 380

Historical Perspectives: Who Were the Populists? 391

Think As a Historian: Suiting a Thesis About Causation 397

Period 6 Review 398

Long Essay Questions 398

Document-Based Question 1: Leaders of Business and Industry 400

Document-Based Question 2: Gilded Age Politics 404

Period 7 1890-1945 408

Chapter 20 Becoming a World Power, 1865-1917 409

Historical Perspectives: Did Economics Drive Imperialism? 424

Think As a Historian: Choosing a Position About Continuity 430

Chapter 21 The Progressive Era, 1865-1917 431

Historical Perspectives: Reform or Reaction? 446

Think As a Historian: Making a Choice About Continuity 453

Chapter 22 World War I and Its Aftermath, 1914-1920 454

Historical Perspectives: Was Wilson a Good President? 468

Think As a Historian: Organizing Evidence for Comparisons 474

Chapter 23 The Modern Era of the 1920s 475

Historical Perspectives: How Conservative Were the 1920s? 489

Think As a Historian: Adding Details for Contextualization 495

Chapter 24 The Great Depression and the New Deal, 1929-1939 496

Historical Perspectives: Was the New Deal Revolutionary? 514

Think As a Historian: Using Documents in Arguments 520

Chapter 25 Diplomacy and World War II, 1929-1945 521

Historical Perspectives: Was Pearl Harbor Avoidable? 540

Think As a Historian: Selecting Relevant Evidence 546

Period 7 Review 547

Long Essay Questions 547

Document-Based Question 1: American Values and World War I 549

Document-Based Question 2: Response to Foreign Aggression 552

Period 8 1945-1980 556

Chapter 26 Truman and the Cold War, 1945-1952 557

Historical Perspectives: Who Started the Cold War? 572

Think As a Historian: Introducing an Interpretation 578

Chapter 27 The Eisenhower Years, 1952-1960 579

Historical Perspectives: A Silent Generation? 593

Think As a Historian: Stating a Conclusion 599

Chapter 28 Promise and Turmoil, the 1960s 600

Historical Perspectives; What Are the Lessons of Vietnam? 617

Think As a Historian: Writing with Precise Words 624

Chapter 29 Limits of a Superpower, 1969-1980 625

Historical Perspectives: End of the Imperial Presidency? 640

Think As a Historian: Writing Clear Sentences 647

Period 8 Review 648

Long Essay Questions 648

Document-Based Question: The Civil Rights Movement 649

Period 9 1980-Present 653

Chapter 30 Conservative Resurgence, 1980-2000 654

Historical Perspectives: What Does Freedom Mean? 672

Think As a Historian: Writing Effective Paragraphs 678

Chapter 31 Challenges of the 21st Century, 2000-Present 679

Historical Perspectives: What Causes Booms and Busts? 693

Think As a Historian: Writing a Coherent Essay 700

Period 9 Review 701

Long Essay Questions 701

Practice Examination 702

Index 729