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9781602060876
- ISBN-10:
- 1602060878
- ISBN-13:
- 9781602060876
- Pub. Date:
- 03/01/2007
- Publisher:
- Cosimo Classics
- ISBN-10:
- 1602060878
- ISBN-13:
- 9781602060876
- Pub. Date:
- 03/01/2007
- Publisher:
- Cosimo Classics
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Overview
A major statement of the language, method, and concepts of the physical sciences, this 1892 volume traces not only the history of experimental investigation, but also the efforts of philosophic minds to state and organize their findings intelligently. "The field of science is unlimited," notes the author; "its material is endless, every group of natural phenomena, every phase of social life, every stage of past or present development is material for science. The unity of all science consists alone in its method, not in its material. The man who classifies facts of any kind whatever, who sees their mutual relations and describes their consequences, is applying the scientific method and is a man of science." Author Karl Pearson, the founder of modern statistics, came to this field from his passionate early studies of philosophy and cultural history as well as ether physics and graphical geometry. The Grammar of Science, his most widely read book and a classic in the philosophy of science, evolved from his lectures as professor of geometry. Pearson, who possessed a remarkable ability to captivate both students and casual listeners, was among the most influential university teachers of his era. With this work, he introduced the concept of a general methodology underlying all science, and thus made one of the great contributions to modern thought.
Product Details
ISBN-13: | 9781602060876 |
---|---|
Publisher: | Cosimo Classics |
Publication date: | 03/01/2007 |
Pages: | 416 |
Product dimensions: | 5.50(w) x 8.50(h) x 0.93(d) |
Table of Contents
Introduction | iii | |
Prefaces | ix | |
Chapter I. | Introductory | |
1. | The Need of the Present | 1 |
2. | Science and Citizenship | 6 |
3. | The First Claim of Modern Science | 8 |
4. | Essentials of Good Science | 9 |
5. | The Scope of Science | 12 |
6. | Science and Metaphysics | 14 |
7. | The Ignorance of Science | 19 |
8. | The Wide Domain of Science | 24 |
9. | The Second Claim of Science | 25 |
10. | The Third Claim of Science | 29 |
11. | Science and the Imagination | 30 |
12. | The Method of Science Illustrated | 32 |
13. | Science and the Aesthetic Judgment | 34 |
14. | The Fourth Claim of Science | 36 |
Chapter II. | The Facts of Science | |
1. | The Reality of Things | 39 |
2. | Sense-Impressions and Consciousness | 42 |
3. | The Brain as a Central Telephone Exchange | 44 |
4. | The Nature of Thought | 46 |
5. | Other-Consciousness as an Eject | 48 |
6. | Attitude of Science towards Ejects | 51 |
7. | The Scientific Validity of a Conception | 53 |
8. | The Scientific Validity of an Inference | 55 |
9. | The Limits to Other-Consciousness | 57 |
10. | The Canons of Legitimate Inference | 59 |
11. | The External Universe | 60 |
12. | Outside and Inside Myself | 63 |
13. | Sensations as the Ultimate Source of the Materials of Knowledge | 66 |
14. | Shadow and Reality | 69 |
15. | Individuality | 71 |
16. | The Futility of "Things-in-Themselves" | 72 |
17. | The Term Knowledge is Meaningless if applied to Unthinkable Things | 74 |
Chapter III. | The Scientific Law | |
1. | Resume and Foreword | 77 |
2. | Of the Word Law and its Meanings | 79 |
3. | Natural Law relative to Man | 82 |
4. | Man as the Maker of Natural Law | 85 |
5. | The Two Senses of the Words "Natural Law" | 87 |
6. | Confusion between the Two Senses of Natural Law | 88 |
7. | The Reason behind Nature | 90 |
8. | True Relation of Civil and Natural Law | 93 |
9. | Physical and Metaphysical Supersensuousness | 95 |
10. | Progress in the Formulating of Natural Law | 96 |
11. | The Universality of Scientific Law | 100 |
12. | The Routine of Perceptions is possibly a Product of the Perceptive Faculty | 101 |
13. | The Mind as a Sorting-Machine | 106 |
14. | Science, Natural Theology, and Metaphysics | 107 |
15. | Conclusions | 109 |
Chapter IV. | Cause and Effect--Probability | |
1. | Mechanism | 113 |
2. | Force as a Cause | 116 |
3. | Will as a Cause | 118 |
4. | Secondary Causes involve no Enforcement | 120 |
5. | Is Will a First Cause? | 122 |
6. | Will as a Secondary Cause | 123 |
7. | First Causes have no Existence for Science | 127 |
8. | Cause and Effect as the Routine of Experience | 128 |
9. | Width of the Term Cause | 131 |
10. | The Universe of Sense-Impressions as a Universe of Motions | 132 |
11. | Necessity belongs to the World of Conceptions, not to that of Perceptions | 134 |
12. | Routine in Perception is a necessary Condition of Knowledge | 136 |
13. | Probable and Provable | 139 |
14. | Probability as to Breaches in the Routine of Perceptions | 142 |
15. | The Basis of Laplace's Theory lies in an Experience as to Ignorance | 143 |
16. | Nature of Laplace's Investigation | 147 |
17. | The Permanency of Routine for the Future | 148 |
Chapter V. | Contingency and Correlation--the Insufficiency of Causation | |
1. | The Routine of Perceptions is Relative rather than Absolute | 152 |
2. | The Ultimate Elements of the Inorganic as of the Organic Universe may be Individual and not Same | 155 |
3. | The Category of Association, as replacing Causation | 156 |
4. | Symbolic Measure of the Intensity of Association or Contingency | 160 |
5. | The Universe as governed by Causation and as governed by Contingency | 165 |
6. | Classification of A and B by Measurement. Mathematical Function | 167 |
7. | On the Multiplicity of "Causes" | 171 |
8. | The Universe as a Complex of Contingent, not Causally Linked Phenomena | 173 |
9. | The Measure of Correlation and its Relation to Contingency | 174 |
Chapter VI. | Space and Time | |
1. | Space as a Mode of Perception | 179 |
2. | The Infinite Bigness of Space | 184 |
3. | The Infinite Divisibility of Space | 186 |
4. | The Space of Memory and Thought | 189 |
5. | Conceptions and Perceptions | 191 |
6. | Sameness and Continuity | 194 |
7. | Conceptual Space. Geometrical Boundaries | 197 |
8. | Surfaces as Boundaries | 199 |
9. | Conceptual Discontinuity of Bodies. The Atom | 201 |
10. | Conceptual Continuity. Ether | 205 |
11. | On the General Nature of Scientific Conceptions | 206 |
12. | Time as a Mode of Perception | 208 |
13. | Conceptual Time and its Measurement | 213 |
14. | Concluding Remarks on Space and Time | 217 |
Chapter VII. | The Geometry of Motion | |
1. | Motion as the Mixed Mode of Perception | 220 |
2. | Conceptual Analysis of a Case of Perceptual Motion. Point-Motion | 222 |
3. | Rigid Bodies as Geometrical Ideals | 225 |
4. | On Change of Aspect, or Rotation | 227 |
5. | On Change of Form, or Strain | 229 |
6. | Factors of Conceptual Motion | 232 |
7. | Point-Motion. Relative Character of Position and Motion | 233 |
8. | Position. The Map of the Path | 236 |
9. | The Time-Chart | 239 |
10. | Steepness and Slope | 242 |
11. | Speed as a Slope. Velocity | 244 |
12. | The Velocity Diagram or Hodograph. Acceleration | 246 |
13. | Acceleration as a Spurt and a Shunt | 249 |
14. | Curvature | 251 |
15. | The Relation between Curvature and Normal Acceleration | 255 |
16. | Fundamental Propositions in the Geometry of Motion | 258 |
17. | The Relativity of Motion. Its Synthesis from Simple Components | 260 |
Chapter VIII. | Matter | |
1. | "All things move"--but only in Conception | 266 |
2. | The Three Problems | 269 |
3. | How the Physicists define Matter | 271 |
4. | Does Matter occupy Space? | 275 |
5. | The "Common-sense" View of Matter as Impenetrable and Hard | 279 |
6. | Individuality does not denote Sameness in Substratum | 281 |
7. | Hardness not Characteristic of Matter | 285 |
8. | Matter as non-Matter in Motion | 286 |
9. | The Ether as "Perfect Fluid" and "Perfect Jelly" | 289 |
10. | The Vortex-Ring Atom and the Ether-Squirt Atom | 292 |
11. | A Material Loophole into the Supersensuous | 294 |
12. | The Difficulties of a Perceptual Ether | 297 |
13. | Why do Bodies move? | 299 |
Chapter IX. | The Laws of Motion | |
1. | Corpuscles and their Structure | 305 |
2. | The Limits to Mechanism | 309 |
3. | The First Law of Motion | 311 |
4. | The Second Law of Motion, or the Principle of Inertia | 313 |
5. | The Third Law of Motion. Mutual Acceleration is determined by Relative Position | 317 |
6. | Velocity as an Epitome of Past History. Mechanism and Materialism | 322 |
7. | The Fourth Law of Motion | 326 |
8. | The Scientific Conception of Mass | 329 |
9. | The Fifth Law of Motion. The Definition of Force | 330 |
10. | Equality of Masses tested by Weighing | 333 |
11. | How far does the Mechanism of the Fourth and Fifth Laws of Motion extend? | 337 |
12. | Density as the Basis of the Kinetic Scale | 339 |
13. | The Influence of Aspect on the Corpuscular Dance | 343 |
14. | The Hypothesis of Modified Action and the Synthesis of Motion | 344 |
15. | Criticism of the Newtonian Laws of Motion | 348 |
Chapter X. | Modern Physical Ideas | |
1. | The Present Crisis in Physical Science and its Sources | 355 |
2. | The Origin of the Atomic View of Electricity | 358 |
3. | On the Electro-magnetic Constitution of the Atom | 361 |
4. | Electro-magnetic Mass | 364 |
5. | A Mechanical Ether Irrational | 367 |
6. | On Current Definitions of Electric Charge and Intensity at a Point | 370 |
7. | The Possibility of a Logical Definition of the Fundamental Quantities of the Electron Theory | 371 |
8. | On Fluid or Space Distribution of Electricity | 374 |
9. | On Motion Relative to the Ether in Relation to Experience | 377 |
10. | Theory of Relativity | 379 |
11. | Electro-magnetic Inertia according to the Theory of Relativity | 383 |
12. | The Present Value of Newtonian Dynamics | 385 |
Appendix | ||
Note I | On the Principle of Inertia and "Absolute Rotation" | 389 |
Note II | On Newton's Third Law of Motion | 392 |
Note III | William of Occam's Razor | 392 |
Note IV | A. R. Wallace on Matter | 393 |
Note V | On the Reversibility of Natural Processes | 394 |
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