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9781580531320
Surveillance and Reconnaissance Imaging Systems available in Hardcover
Surveillance and Reconnaissance Imaging Systems
by Jon C Leachtenauer, Ronald G Driggers
Jon C Leachtenauer
- ISBN-10:
- 1580531326
- ISBN-13:
- 9781580531320
- Pub. Date:
- 03/31/2001
- Publisher:
- Artech House, Incorporated
- ISBN-10:
- 1580531326
- ISBN-13:
- 9781580531320
- Pub. Date:
- 03/31/2001
- Publisher:
- Artech House, Incorporated
Surveillance and Reconnaissance Imaging Systems
by Jon C Leachtenauer, Ronald G Driggers
Jon C Leachtenauer
Hardcover
$199.0
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Overview
Here's an up-to-date, comprehensive review of surveillance and reconnaissance (S&R) imaging system modeling and performance prediction. This new, one-of-a-kind resource helps you predict the information potential of new surveillance system designs, compare and select from alternative measures of information extraction, relate the performance of tactical acquisition sensors and surveillance sensors, and understand the relative importance of each element of the image chain on S&R system performance. It provides you with system descriptions and characteristics, S&R modeling history, and performance modeling details.
With an emphasis on validated prediction of human observer performance, this unique book addresses the specific design and analysis techniques used with today's S&R imaging systems. You find in-depth discussions on everything from the conceptual performance prediction model, linear shift invariant systems, and measurement variables used for S&R information extraction... to predictor variables, target and environmental considerations, CRT and flat panel display selection, and models for image processing. Conversion methods between alternative modeling approaches are examined to help you perform system comparisons. Supported with 120 illustrations and 150 equations.
With an emphasis on validated prediction of human observer performance, this unique book addresses the specific design and analysis techniques used with today's S&R imaging systems. You find in-depth discussions on everything from the conceptual performance prediction model, linear shift invariant systems, and measurement variables used for S&R information extraction... to predictor variables, target and environmental considerations, CRT and flat panel display selection, and models for image processing. Conversion methods between alternative modeling approaches are examined to help you perform system comparisons. Supported with 120 illustrations and 150 equations.
Product Details
ISBN-13: | 9781580531320 |
---|---|
Publisher: | Artech House, Incorporated |
Publication date: | 03/31/2001 |
Series: | Artech House Optoelectronics Library |
Pages: | 424 |
Sales rank: | 516,553 |
Product dimensions: | 6.50(w) x 9.30(h) x 1.30(d) |
About the Author
Jon C. Leachtenauer formed his own consulting agency, J/M Leachtenauer Associates, Inc, and is currently a consultant to the National Imagery and Mapping Agency. He is the author of over 150 technical reports, as well as numerous published papers covering all aspects of the image exploitation process. Mr. Leachtenauer holds an A.B. and M.S. in Geology from Syracuse University.
Ronald G. Driggers is a senior engineer with the U.S. Army Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate and is the U.S. representative to the NATO panel on advanced thermal imager characterization. Dr. Driggers is the author of two other books on infrared and electro-optic systems and has published over 30 refereed journal papers. He holds a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the University of Memphis.
Table of Contents
Preface | xv | |
Acknowledgments | xvii | |
1 | Introduction | 1 |
1.1 | Modeling Applications | 2 |
1.2 | Conceptual S&R Model | 3 |
1.3 | Performance Prediction Approaches | 8 |
1.3.1 | Physical Image Quality | 8 |
1.3.2 | Physical Models and Simulations | 9 |
1.3.3 | Information Theory-Based Models | 10 |
1.3.4 | Difference Models and Metrics | 11 |
1.4 | Summary | 12 |
References | 12 | |
2 | Surveillance and Reconnaissance Imaging Systems | 13 |
2.1 | Introduction | 13 |
2.2 | Imaging with IR and EO Sensors | 16 |
2.2.1 | Infrared Sensors | 16 |
2.2.2 | Electro-Optical Sensors | 19 |
2.3 | Image Formation | 20 |
2.3.1 | Line Scanners | 20 |
2.3.2 | Staring Array Sensors | 22 |
2.3.3 | Television Sensors | 23 |
2.3.4 | Analog versus Digital Signals | 24 |
2.4 | Imaging System Parameters | 25 |
2.4.1 | Sensitivity and Resolution | 25 |
2.4.2 | Field of View | 26 |
2.4.3 | Field of Regard | 27 |
2.4.4 | Diffraction | 27 |
2.4.5 | Detector Angular Subtense and Instantaneous Field of View | 29 |
2.4.6 | Ground Sample Distance | 30 |
2.4.7 | Point Spread Function | 32 |
2.5 | Synthetic Aperture Radar | 33 |
2.6 | Choice of Imaging Sensors | 37 |
2.7 | Examples of Surveillance and Reconnaissance Sensors | 39 |
2.7.1 | Predator | 39 |
2.7.2 | Global Hawk | 41 |
2.7.3 | Landsat 7 | 42 |
2.7.4 | RADARSAT | 45 |
2.7.5 | IKONOS | 47 |
2.7.6 | Russian Satellite Imagery | 47 |
2.7.7 | Other Satellite Systems | 49 |
References | 50 | |
3 | Historical Review | 53 |
3.1 | Pre-1950 | 53 |
3.2 | 1950-1970 | 57 |
3.3 | 1970 to Present | 64 |
3.4 | Summary | 68 |
References | 69 | |
4 | Linear Shift Invariant Imaging Systems | 75 |
4.1 | Linearity and Shift Invariance | 75 |
4.2 | The Impulse Function | 77 |
4.3 | The Fourier Series and Fourier Transform | 79 |
4.3.1 | Fourier Series | 79 |
4.3.2 | Fourier Transform | 80 |
4.3.3 | Fourier Transform Properties | 81 |
4.3.4 | Fourier Transform Pairs | 82 |
4.4 | LSI Imaging System | 83 |
4.5 | Imaging in the Space and Frequency Domains | 85 |
4.6 | Imaging with Components | 85 |
4.6.1 | Optics | 89 |
4.6.2 | Detectors | 90 |
4.6.3 | Electronics | 94 |
4.6.4 | Displays | 99 |
4.6.5 | Human Vision | 101 |
4.7 | Simplifying LSI Imager Analysis to One Dimension | 103 |
4.8 | Sampled Imaging Systems | 108 |
4.9 | SAR Impulse Response and Transfer Function | 110 |
4.10 | Summary | 111 |
References | 111 | |
5 | Information Extraction Measures | 115 |
5.1 | Direct Performance Measures | 116 |
5.1.1 | Probability of Task Performance | 116 |
5.1.2 | Completeness and Accuracy | 119 |
5.1.3 | Statistical Properties of Direct Measures | 120 |
5.2 | Theory of Signal Detection | 124 |
5.3 | Range/Time Measures | 128 |
5.4 | Performance Estimate Measures | 129 |
5.4.1 | National Imagery Interpretability Rating Scale | 132 |
5.4.2 | Task Satisfaction Confidence Ratings | 145 |
5.4.3 | Relative Quality Scales | 148 |
5.5 | Information and Difference Metrics | 152 |
5.6 | Summary | 156 |
References | 156 | |
6 | Information Extraction Performance Predictors | 159 |
6.1 | Scale, Resolution, and Sharpness | 160 |
6.1.1 | Scale | 160 |
6.1.2 | Photographic Resolution | 162 |
6.1.3 | Video Resolution (Analog) | 167 |
6.1.4 | Electro-optical Systems | 170 |
6.1.5 | SAR Resolution | 174 |
6.2 | Contrast and Noise | 177 |
6.2.1 | Photographic Measures | 177 |
6.2.2 | Electro-optical Measures | 181 |
6.2.3 | SAR Measures | 182 |
6.3 | Artifacts | 185 |
6.4 | Summary Measures | 188 |
6.4.1 | Regression Models | 188 |
6.4.2 | MTF | 188 |
6.4.3 | MTF Measures | 191 |
6.4.4 | SNR Measures | 194 |
6.4.5 | Physical Difference Metrics | 196 |
6.5 | Summary | 197 |
References | 198 | |
7 | Target and Environmental Considerations | 203 |
7.1 | Target Effects | 203 |
7.2 | Deception and Denial | 216 |
7.3 | Atmospheric Effects | 220 |
7.4 | Summary | 222 |
References | 223 | |
8 | Image Processing Considerations | 225 |
8.1 | Bandwidth Compression | 225 |
8.1.1 | Single Image Monochrome Compression | 228 |
8.1.2 | Multichannel Image Compression | 233 |
8.1.3 | Motion Imagery Compression | 236 |
8.2 | Enhancement Processing | 241 |
8.2.1 | Spatial Filtering | 242 |
8.2.2 | Pixel Intensity Transforms | 245 |
8.2.3 | Image Fusion | 249 |
8.3 | Summary | 250 |
References | 251 | |
Selected Bibliography | 252 | |
9 | Display and Observer Considerations | 255 |
9.1 | Displays | 255 |
9.1.1 | Briggs Targets | 256 |
9.1.2 | CRT Displays | 258 |
9.1.3 | Flat Panel Displays | 271 |
9.1.4 | Display Environment | 273 |
9.2 | Observer Characteristics | 278 |
9.2.1 | Observer Selection | 278 |
9.2.2 | Observer Variability | 282 |
9.3 | Observer Models | 284 |
9.4 | Summary | 293 |
References | 294 | |
10 | Performance Prediction Models | 299 |
10.1 | Parameter-Based Models | 300 |
10.1.1 | General Image Quality Equation | 301 |
10.1.2 | Target Acquisition Sensor Performance Modeling | 312 |
10.1.3 | Physique | 326 |
10.1.4 | Radar Threshold Quality Factor | 328 |
10.1.5 | Other SAR Models | 329 |
10.2 | Image-Based Models | 330 |
10.2.1 | Image Quality Model | 331 |
10.2.2 | Sarnoff JND Model | 334 |
10.2.3 | Other Image-Based Models | 339 |
10.3 | Summary | 344 |
References | 344 | |
11 | Sensor Performance Conversions | 349 |
11.1 | Johnson Criteria and NIIRS | 351 |
11.2 | Conversions with Models | 352 |
11.3 | Comparing Sensor Performance Conversions | 356 |
11.4 | Performance Conversion as a Function of Target Size | 360 |
11.5 | Summary | 360 |
References | 362 | |
12 | Conclusions and Future Directions | 365 |
12.1 | Spectral Domain | 366 |
12.2 | Temporal Effects | 368 |
12.3 | Search | 369 |
12.4 | SAR | 371 |
12.5 | Summary | 374 |
References | 376 | |
List of Acronyms | 379 | |
About the Authors | 385 | |
Index | 387 |
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