Leppin explores the four "solas" of Reformation theology—Christ, grace, faith, and scripture—as both anchored in the culture of late—medieval devotion and representing new, firmly demarcated formulae. Luther's four pillars became clarion calls in the fight against the medieval church. Leppin helps readers understand, however, that in the journey toward these new theological understandings, continuity and discontinuity were inextricably linked. Luther built upon the foundations of his late—medieval world, even as he articulated the sola Christus, sola gratia, sola fide, and sola scriptura foundations that would change Christianity forever. Along the way, these principles functioned as integrative, continuous ideas and exclusive, demarcating ones at the same time.

Luther's world was a new and fundamentally different theological realm, but Sola: Christ, Grace, Faith, and Scripture Alone in Martin Luther's Theology also shows us the ways Luther and his thought were products of the personalities and intellectual origins from which they came.