Table of Contents
Preface xi
Introduction: 5-Step Program xii
Step 1 Set Up Your Study Program
1 What You Need to Know About the AP U.S. History Exam 3
Advanced Placement Program 3
AP U.S. History Exam 5
Taking the AP U.S. History Exam 6
2 Preparing for the AP U.S. History Exam 8
Getting Started 8
Three Plans for Test Preparation 10
Step 2 Determine Your Test Readiness
3 Take a Diagnostic Exam 17
How to Use the Diagnostic Exam 17
When to Use the Diagnostic Exam 18
Conclusion (After the Exam) 18
AP U.S. History Diagnostic Exam 19
Answers to the Diagnostic Exam 39
Step 3 Develop Strategies for Success
4 Mastering Skills and Understanding Themes for the Exam 59
The AP U.S. History Exam 59
Historical Practices, Historical Analytical Skills, Historical Themes, and Exam Questions 60
5 Strategies for Approaching Each Question Type 64
Multiple-Choice Questions 65
Short-Answer Questions 67
Document-Based Question (DBQ) 68
Long Essay Question 70
Using Primary Source Documents 72
Step 4 Review the Knowledge You Need to Score High
6 Settling of the Western Hemisphere (1491-1607) 77
Native America 78
The Europeans Arrive 78
Chapter Review 80
Review Questions 80
Answers and Explanations 82
7 Colonial America (1607-1650) 84
New France 84
English Interest in America 85
Effects of European Settlement 87
Chapter Review 88
Review Questions 89
Answers and Explanations 90
8 British Empire in America: Growth and Conflict (1650-1750) 91
Part or an Empire 92
Growth of Slavery 93
Political Unrest in the Colonies 94
Salem Witch Trials 94
Imperial Wars 95
American Self-Government 95
Salutary Neglect 95
First Great American Religious Revival 96
Chapter Review 96
Review Questions 97
Answers and Explanations 99
9 Resistance, Rebellion, and Revolution (1750-1775) 100
War in the West 101
Defeat of New France 101
The British Need Money 102
Stamp Act Crisis 102
Townshend Acts 103
Boston Massacre 104
Boston Tea Party 105
Intolerable Acts 105
First Continental Congress 105
Chapter Review 106
Review Questions 107
Answers and Explanations 108
10 American Revolution and the New Nation (1775-1787) 110
Lexington and Concord 111
Second Continental Congress 111
Thomas Paine's Common Sense 112
Declaration of Independence 112
Reactions to Independence 113
Balance of Forces 113
The War in the North 114
The Saratoga Campaign 114
The War in the South 115
The Treaty of Paris 116
New State Constitutions and the Articles of Confederation 116
Financial Problems 117
Northwest Ordinances 117
Shays' Rebellion 117
Chapter Review 118
Review Questions 119
Answers and Explanations 120
11 Establishment of New Political Systems (1787-1800) 122
The Constitutional Convention 123
The Ratification Battle 124
The Bill of Rights 125
The Birth of the Party System 125
Hamilton's Economic Program 126
Effects of the French Revolution 126
Washington's Foreign Policy 127
The Presidency of John Adams 127
Chapter Review 128
Review Questions 129
Answers and Explanations 131
12 Jeffersonian Revolution (1800-1820) 133
Election of 1800 134
An Assertive Supreme Court 135
A New Frontier 135
The Louisiana Purchase 136
Burr's Conspiracy 136
Renewal of War in Europe 137
The War of 1812 138
The End of the War 138
A Federalist Debacle and the Era of Good Feelings 139
Henry Clay and the American System 139
Missouri Compromise 139
Chapter Review 140
Review Questions 141
Answers and Explanations 142
13 Rise of Manufacturing and the Age of Jackson (1820-1845) 144
The Rise of Manufacturing 145
The Monroe Doctrine 146
Native American Removal 146
The Transportation Revolution and Religious Revival 147
An Age of Reform 147
Jacksonian Democracy 148
The Nullification Controversy 149
The Bank War 150
The Whig Party and the Second Party System 150
Chapter Review 151
Review Questions 152
Answers and Explanations 154
14 Union Expanded and Challenged (1835-1860) 155
Manifest Destiny 156
The Alamo and Texas Independence 157
Expansion and the Election of 1844 157
The Mexican War 158
Political Consequences of the Mexican War 159
The Political Crisis of 1850 159
Aftermath of the Compromise of 1850 160
Franklin Pierce in the White House 160
The Kansas-Nebraska Act 161
"Bleeding Kansas" 161
The Dred Scott Decision 162
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 162
John Brown and Harpers Ferry 162
The Election of 1860 163
Chapter Review 163
Review Questions 164
Answers and Explanations 166
15 Union Divided: The Civil War (1861-1865) 168
North and South on the Brink of War 169
Searching for Compromise 169
Gunfire at Fort Sumter 170
Opening Strategies 170
The Loss of Illusions 171
Union Victories in the West 171
The Home Fronts 172
The Emancipation Proclamation 173
The Turn of the Tide 173
War Weariness 174
The End of the War 174
Chapter Review 175
Review Questions 176
Answers and Explanations 177
16 Era of Reconstruction (1865-1877) 179
Lincoln and Reconstruction 180
Andrew Johnson and Reconstruction 181
Efforts to Help the Freedmen 181
Radical Reconstruction 182
The Impeachment of Andrew Johnson 182
Final Phase of Radical Reconstruction 183
The End of Reconstruction 183
Chapter Review 184
Review Questions 186
Answers and Explanations 187
17 Western Expansion and Its Impact on the American Character (1860-1895) 189
Government Encouragement of Western Settlement 190
Challenges for Western Farmers 191
Agricultural Innovation 191
Women and Minorities on the Agricultural Frontier 192
The Mining and Lumbering Frontier 192
The Ranching Frontier 193
The End of Native American Independence 193
Agrarian Anger and Populism 194
The Gold Standard 194
The Grange and Farmers' Alliances 195
The Populist Revolt 195
Populism and the Election of 1896 196
The Idea of the West 196
Chapter Review 197
Review Questions 198
Answers and Explanations 200
18 America Transformed into the Industrial Giant of the World (1870-1910) 202
An Industrial Revolution 203
Changes in American Industry 204
A Changing Workplace 204
Big Business 205
The Emergence of Labor Unions 206
Uneven Affluence 207
The New Immigration 208
The Rise of the Modern American City 209
Gilded Age Politics 210
Social Criticism in the Gilded Age 212
Chapter Review 212
Review Questions 214
Answers and Explanations 215
19 Rise of American Imperialism (1890-1913) 217
Postwar Diplomacy 218
Acquiring Hawaii 219
The New Imperialism 219
The Spanish-American War 220
Combat in the Philippines and Cuba 221
The Cuban Conundrum 221
The Debate over Empire 222
The Panama Canal 223
The Roosevelt Corollary 223
Chapter Review 224
Review Questions 225
Answers and Explanations 227
20 Progressive Era (1895-1914) 229
Roots of Progressivism 230
Progressive Objectives 231
Urban Progressivism 231
State-Level Progressivism 232
Progressivism and Women 232
Workplace Reform 233
Theodore Roosevelt's Square Deal 233
Taft and Progressivism 234
The Election of 1912 235
Wilson and Progressivism 236
Assessing Progressivism 236
Chapter Review 237
Review Questions 238
Answers and Explanations 240
21 United States and World War I (1914-1921) 241
War and American Neutrality 242
Growing Ties to the Allies 243
The Breakdown of German-American Relations 244
America in the War 244
The American Expeditionary Force in France 245
The Home Front 245
Regulating Thought 246
Social Change 247
Wilson and the Peace 247
Woodrow Wilson's Defeat 248
Chapter Review 249
Review Questions 250
Answers and Explanations 252
22 Beginning of Modern America: The 1920s 254
The Prosperous Twenties 255
The Republican "New Era" 256
Warren G. Harding as President 256
President Calvin Coolidge 258
The Election of 1928 258
The City Versus the Country in the 1920s 259
Popular Culture in the 1920s 262
Jazz Age Experimentation and Rebellion 262
The Growth of the Mass Media 263
A Lost Generation? 263
Chapter Review 264
Review Questions 266
Answers and Explanations 267
23 Great Depression and the New Deal (1929-1939) 269
Harbingers of Crisis: Economic Weaknesses of the 1920s 271
Black Tuesday and the End of the Bull Market 272
The Stock Market Crash and the Great Depression 272
The Great Depression and American Society 273
President Hoover and the Depression 274
The Election of 1932 275
The Hundred Days 276
The Second New Deal 277
The Election of 1936 278
Critics of the New Deal 279
Twilight of the New Deal 280
Impact of the New Deal 281
American Culture During the New Deal 282
Chapter Review 282
Review Questions 284
Answers and Explanations 285
24 World War II (1933-1945) 287
American Isolationism in the 1930s 288
The United States, the Middle East, and Anti-Semitism 289
The Election of 1940 and the End of Isolationism 290
The Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor 291
The War Against Germany 291
The Middle East in World War II 293
The War Against Japan 294
The Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb 295
The Home Front 295
Civil Rights During the War 296
Chapter Review 297
Review Questions 298
Answers and Explanations 300
25 Origins of the Cold War (1945-1960) 302
The Beginnings of the Cold War 304
Europe and the Cold War 304
Communist Victories 306
The Middle East and the Cold War 306
The Cold War at Home 308
The Korean War 309
Joseph McCarthy and McCarthyism 310
President Eisenhower and the Cold War 311
Tensions with the Soviet Union 312
Chapter Review 313
Review Questions 314
Answers and Explanations 316
26 Prosperity and Anxiety: The 1950s 318
The Return of Prosperity 319
Politics in the Postwar Era 320
The Rise of the Civil Rights Movement 321
Life in Suburbia 322
Chapter Review 324
Review Questions 325
Answers and Explanations 326
27 America in an Era of Turmoil (1960-1975) 328
The I960 Election 329
The Liberal Hour of the 1960s 330
The Civil Right Movement in the 1960s: From Integration to Black Power 331
The Expansion of Rights Movements 333
Cold War Crisis 334
The Vietnam War 334
Chapter Review 337
Review Questions 339
Answers and Explanations 341
28 Decline and Rebirth (1968-1988) 343
The Presidency of Richard Nixon 344
The Ford Administration 347
The Carter Administration 348
The Election of 1980 349
The Reagan Administration 350
Chapter Review 352
Review Questions 353
Answers and Explanations 355
29 Prosperity and a New World Order (1988-2000) 357
The Election of 1988 358
The Presidency of George H. W. Bush 358
The Election of 1992 359
The Presidency of Bill Clinton 360
The Election of 2000 362
Chapter Review 362
Review Questions 363
Answers and Explanations 365
30 Threat of Terrorism, Increase of Presidential Power, and Economic Crisis (2001-2018) 367
The Presidency of George W. Bush 368
The Obama Presidency 371
President Obama's Second Term 372
The Election of 2016 374
The Trump Presidency 375
Chapter Review 377
Review Questions 379
Answers and Explanations 381
Step 5 Build Your Test-Taking Confidence
AP U.S. History Practice Exam 1 387
Answers to Practice Exam 1 404
AP U.S. History Practice Exam 2 425
Answers to Practice Exam 2 443
Glossary 463
Bibliography 495
Websites 497
