Table of Contents
Figures vii
Map viii
Acknowledgments ix
Introduction: Voices from the Archive
The Vantage Point of the Native Fiscal 1
Uncovering the Archival Past 4
From Lengua to Litigant 7
Voided Presences 11
Chapter 1 The Making of a Literate Andean Society
Images of Andean Literacy 13
Mediators of the Word 16
Learning Primary Letters 21
Uneven Language Spread 25
Assessing Native Literacy 29
Making Legal Records 36
Chapter 2 Catechesis in Quechua
Linguistic Ignorance in the Sierra 42
Creating a Quechua Suitable for Doctrine 44
The "Linguistic Policy" of the Incas 48
Causas Against Priests: A Typology 51
Interparish Conflict in Huamantanga 53
Doubts about Ecclesiastical Quechua 57
The Chinchaysuyu Alternative 62
Language in Native Lawsuits 66
Chapter 3 Mediating with Cords
Tangled Confessions 71
Spanish Assessments of Cord Records 75
Khipus for Doctrina 77
Ritual Uses of Cords 81
The Interface of Khipus and Books 84
Church Law Reverses Course 85
Khipus in the Courtroom 89
Cord Keepers as Rival Authorities 97
Chapter 4 Writing about Clerical Violence
Testimonies of Violence 102
Keeping the Parish Books 106
The Role of Violence in Parish Life 110
Serving Against Their Will 114
A Conflict of Jurisdictions 115
Rival Factions in Cajatambo Province 121
Targeting "Bad Priests" 127
Chapter 5 Idolatry Through Andean Eyes
Untold Alliances 132
The Idolatry Inspection Team 134
Defining Idolatry 139
Predicaments of Collaboration 144
Denouncing Native Ritual 148
Within Extirpation's Mandate and Beyond 153
Behind the Official Story 159
Chapter 6 The Polemics of Practical Literacy
Accessing the Lettered City 163
The Office of the Protector 166
Causas de Capítulos as Legal Genre 168
Mastering Legal Formulae 172
Rhetorical Self-Fashioning 175
A Shared Textual Network 180
Clerical Backlash 185
Pleading before the Archive 190
Notes 197
Bibliography 253
Index 275
