Philosophical Issues in Psychiatry IV: Psychiatric Nosology DSM-5

by Kenneth S. Kendler (Editor), Josef Parnas (Editor)

Overview

The revisions of both DSM-IV and ICD-10 have again focused the interest of the field of psychiatry and clinical psychology on the issue of nosology. This interest has been further heightened by a series of controversies associated with the development of DSM-5 including the fate of proposed revisions of the personality disorders, bereavement, and the autism spectrum. Major debate arose within the DSM process about the criteria for changing criteria, leading to the creation of first the Scientific Review Committee and then a series of other oversight committees which weighed in on the final debates on the most controversial proposed additions to DSM-5, providing important influences on the final decisions. Contained within these debates were a range of conceptual and philosophical issues. Some of these - such as the definition of mental disorder or the problems of psychiatric "epidemics" - have been with the field for a long time. Others - the concept of epistemic iteration as a framework for the introduction of nosologic change - are quite new.

This book reviews issues within psychiatric nosology from clinical, historical and particularly philosophical perspectives. The book brings together a range of distinguished authors - including major psychiatric researchers, clinicians, historians and especially nosologists - including several leaders of the DSM-5 effort and the DSM Steering Committee. It also includes contributions from psychologists with a special interest in psychiatric nosology and philosophers with a wide range of orientations. The book is organized into four major sections:

The first explores the nature of psychiatric illness and the way in which it is defined, including clinical and psychometric perspectives.
The second section examines problems in the reification of psychiatric diagnostic criteria, the problem of psychiatric epidemics, and the nature and definition of individual symptoms.
The third section explores the concept of epistemic iteration as a possible governing conceptual framework for the revision efforts for official psychiatric nosologies such as DSM and ICD and the problems of validation of psychiatric diagnoses.
The book ends by exploring how we might move from the descriptive to the etiologic in psychiatric diagnoses, the nature of progress in psychiatric research, and the possible benefits of moving to a living document (or continuous improvement) model for psychiatric nosologic systems.

The result is a book that captures the dynamic cross-disciplinary interactions that characterize the best work in the philosophy of psychiatry.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780198796022
Publisher:	Oxford University Press
Publication date:	05/30/2017
Series:	International Perspectives in Philosophy and Psychiatry
Pages:	438
Product dimensions:	6.20(w) x 9.10(h) x 1.00(d)

About the Author

Kenneth S. Kendler, Rachel Brown Banks Distiguished Professor, Virginia Commonwealth University,Josef Parnas, Associate Professor of Psychiatry, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Faculty of Humanities, Center for Subjectivity Research

Dr. Kendler has pursued for most of his career substantive research in psychiatric genetics and epidemiology. He has, during that time, actively published at the interface between psychiatric genetics and psychiatric nosology. He was on the Task Forces of DSM-III-R and DSM-IV. For DSM-5, he chaired the Scientific Review Committee. He is currently vice-chair of the American Psychiatric Association's DSM Steering Committee which is overseeing changes in DSM-5. He has, over the last 15 years, written extensively on topics at the interface between psychiatry and philosophy including a number of papers on nosology. Along with Dr. Parnas, he edited volumes that included the papers and commentaries for the three prior Philosophy of Psychiatry conferences: i) Philosophical Issues in Psychiatry: Explanation, Phenomenology and Nosology, ii) Philosophical Issues in Psychiatry: II Nosology, and iii) Philosophical Issues in Psychiatry: III: the nature and sources of historical change.

Dr. Parnas has published in the domain of psychopathology, epidemiology and pathogenesis of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Over the past 25 years he has been active at the interface of psychopathology and philosophy, especially philosophy of mind and phenomenology, applying these to the issues of psychiatric diagnosis and classification. His most recent work deals with experiential trait-phenotypes of the schizophrenia spectrum disorders, in particular the anomalies of self-experience. He is a co-founder of and a senior researcher at an interdisciplinary theoretical institute, Center for Subjectivity Research at the University of Copenhagen, integrating psychiatry, philosophy, and hermeneutics in interaction with cognitive science and neuroscience. Along with Dr. Kendler, he edited three prior volumes on philosophy and psychiatry (vide supra).

Table of Contents

Part I: Nature of Psychiatric Illness1. Introduction to Clinical significance', disability and biomarkers: shifts in thinking between DSM-4 and DSM-5, Kenneth S. Kendler2. Clinical significance', disability and biomarkers: shifts in thinking between DSM-4 and DSM-5, Derek Bolton3. Distinguishing but not Dissociating Psychiatric Disorder and Impairment in Functioning: Bolton, Hume, and Sentiment, Peter Zachar4. Introduction to The Hard Question in Psychiatric Nosology, Kenneth S. Kendler and Josef Parnas5. The Hard Question in Psychiatric Nosology, Eric Turkheimer6. Representation and explanation in psychometric modeling, Denny Borsboom7. Introduction to Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders in DSM-5, ICD-11 and RDoC: Conceptual questions and practical solutions, Kenneth S. Kendler8. Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders in DSM-5, ICD-11 and RDoC: Conceptual questions and practical solutions, Dan Stein9. Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders in DSM-5, ICD-11 and RDoC: Conceptual questions and practical solutions, Miriam Solomon10. Introduction to Mental disorders, network models, and dynamical systems, Kenneth S. Kendler11. Mental disorders, network models, and dynamical systems, Denny Borsboom12. I Bet on Borsboom, Eric TurkheimerPart II: Reification, Epidemics, and Individual Symptoms13. Introduction to On Reification of Mental Illness: Historical and Conceptual Issues From Emil Kraepelin and Eugen Bleuler to DSM-5, Josef Parnas14. On Reification of Mental Illness: Historical and Conceptual Issues From Emil Kraepelin and Eugen Bleuler to DSM-5, Paul Hoff15. Reification of mental illness: Some considerations, Dan Stein16. Introduction to Factors in the Development of Psychiatric Epidemics, Kenneth S. Kendler17. Factors in the Development of Psychiatric Epidemics, Michael First18. Diagnostic epidemics and diagnostic disarray: the issue of differential diagnosis, Josef Parnas19. Introduction to Description and Explanation of the Culture bound Syndromes, Kenneth S. Kendler20. Description and Explanation of the Culture bound Syndromes, Dominic Murphy21. Reflections on Culture-Bound Syndromes, Paul Appelbaum22. Introduction to On the Appearance and Disappearance of Asperger's Syndrome, Kenneth S. Kendler23. On the Appearance and Disappearance of Asperger's Syndrome, Miriam Solomon24. Impact of "Severity Decategorization" in DSM-5, Michael First25. Introduction to The ontology and epistemology of symptoms: The case of auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia, Kenneth S. Kendler26. The ontology and epistemology of symptoms: The case of auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia, Josef Parnas27. Comment on The Ontology and Epistemology of Symptoms: The Case of Auditory Verbal Hallucinations in Schizophrenia, Paul HoffPart III: Epistemic Iteration28. Introduction to Epistemic Iteration and Natural Kinds: Realism and Pluralism in Taxonomy, Kenneth S. Kendler29. Epistemic Iteration and Natural Kinds: Realism and Pluralism in Taxonomy, Hasok Chang30. Psychiatric Nosology, Epistemic Iteration and Pluralism, Kenneth S. Kendler31. Introduction to Validity and the causal structure of a disorder, Kenneth S. Kendler32. Validity and the causal structure of a disorder, Joseph Campbell33. Saving the Explananda, Dominic Murphy34. Introduction to Epistemic Iteration or Paradigm Shift: The Case of Personality Disorder, Kenneth S. Kendler35. Epistemic Iteration or Paradigm Shift: The Case of Personality Disorder, Peter Zachar36. Why we should be realists about psychiatric disorders- reply to Peter Zachar, Joseph Campbell37. Introduction to Progressive Validation of Psychiatric Syndromes: The Example of Panic Disorder, Josef Parnas38. Progressive Validation of Psychiatric Syndromes: The Example of Panic Disorder, Kenneth S. Kendler39. Comments on Kenneth S. Kendler's"Progressive Validation of Psychiatric Syndromes: The Example of Panic Disorder", Kenneth S. KendlerPart IV: Descriptive to Etiologic and Living Document40. Introduction to Causal Pathways, Random Walks and Tortuous Paths: Moving from the Descriptive to the Etiological in Psychiatry, Josef Parnas41. Causal Pathways, Random Walks and Tortuous Paths: Moving from the Descriptive to the Etiological in Psychiatry, Kenneth Schaffner and Kathryn Tabb42. Notes for commentary on Kathryn Tabb and Kenneth F. Schaffner, "Causal Pathways, Random Walks and Tortuous Paths: Moving from the Descriptive to the Etiological in Psychiatry", Hasok Chang43. Introduction to What is progress in psychiatric research?, Kenneth S. Kendler44. What is progress in psychiatric research?, Stephan Heckers45. Commentary on Stephan Heckers' "What is progress in psychiatric research?", Derek Bolton46. Introduction to DSM-5.1: Perspectives on Continuous Improvement in Diagnostic Frameworks, Kenneth S. Kendler47. DSM-5.1: Perspectives on Continuous Improvement in Diagnostic Frameworks, Paul Appelbaum48. How do we improve the DSM?, Stephan Heckers