For this far-reaching reference, nine years in the making, Erwin (philosophy, Miami Univ.) assembled some 200 contributors to produce about 250 articles on Sigmund Freud's ideas, life, and influence. He seeks a balance between advocates and critics, justifying the effort by citing Freud's singular impact on the 20th century. Contributors include many well-known writers in the field but tip toward acolytes, and missing among the critics are some of the sharpest, e.g., Frederick Crews, Alan Stone, and Peter Swales. Inexplicably, Charles Socarides was chosen to write the essay on homosexuality, which he regards as a treatable "perversion." He omits alternative views, as well as the American Psychiatric Association's having removed homosexuality from its list of pathological conditions and Freud's belief that homosexuals could be qualified psychoanalysts. Other, more enlightened articles point out that Freud was wrong to call masturbation unhealthy and to disparage clitoral orgasm. Biographical articles go beyond Freud's intimates and major dissidents to include the likes of Lou Andreas-Salome and Harry Stack Sullivan. The psychoanalytic movement in general, its presence in countries ranging from Peru to China, its overall influence on the humanities, its antecedents (from Arthur Schopenhauer to lesser-known forebears like Franz Brentano), and its evolution are generally well covered. Many of the entries, e.g., Mark Poster's "Georg Groddeck" and Allan Compton's "Structural Theory," reward browsing. Nevertheless, there are some real problems with coverage and ease of use. The treatment of topics can be arbitrary; for instance, "suggestion" has an article but not hypnosis, which must be found via several index mentions. Most articles have references, but there is no standard, so some have too many and others too few. The same Freud citations are seen repeatedly, but, surprisingly, there is no complete Freud bibliography. Furthermore, the index and some arbitrary cross references could be improved. To find David Rapaport, we get See Ego Psychology, but why not also "Metapsychology," where he is also featured? Similarly, for Heinz Kohut, See Narcissism is fine, but the article "Self Psychology," his forte, is not linked to his name. It is a shame to find so much good work compromised by a few bad choices. Socarides holding forth on homosexuality in the 21st century is like Carl Jung touting Aryan over Jewish psychology in the Nazi era. Librarians should wait for an improved edition of this volume, making sure, meanwhile, that they have Paul Roazen's Freud and His Followers (LJ 9/15/74), Louis Breger's Freud (LJ 9/1/00), and Malcolm Macmillan's Freud Evaluated (MIT, 1996). E. James Lieberman, George Washington Univ. Sch. of Medicine, Washington, DC Copyright 2001 Cahners Business Information.
