| The Arguments of Time | |
| Foreword to the Second Edition | xv |
| Ascent--By Way of Introduction | 3 |
| Some Ideas about Philosophy | |
| Arrows, Thoughts, and Experiences | |
| Leitmotivs | |
| Organization of the Material | |
| Part 1 | The Glass Wall | |
| I | The Intellectual Quest | |
| 1. | Representative Ideas of Time in Western Thought | 11 |
| Aegean Beginnings | |
| Zeno and His Virtual Disjunctions | |
| Plato and Aristotle | |
| The Eastern Mediterranean | |
| Christianity and Patristic Philosophy | |
| Islam | |
| The Schoolmen and the Late Middle Ages | |
| The Renaissance | |
| Kant and Critical Philosophy | |
| Hegel and the Dialectics of History | |
| The Fragmentation of Philosophy | |
| 2. | Oriental Concepts of Time | 39 |
| Time in China's Past | |
| India and the Eternal Present | |
| Japan and the Unity of Opposites | |
| 3. | Being, Becoming, and Existential Tension | 43 |
| II | The Empirical Search | |
| 1. | Selected Regularities: Predictable Futures | 47 |
| The Skies, Seasons, and Epochs | |
| 1. | The sun, the moon, and some "hours" | |
| 2. | The moon, calendars, and more "hours" | |
| 3. | Calendars and chronologies | |
| The Flow of Water and Sand | |
| Burning Rates | |
| Controlled Oscillations of Large Bodies | |
| Controlled Vibrations of Small Bodies | |
| 2. | Clocks and Clockwatchers | 64 |
| 3. | The Stuff that Clocks Are Made of | 68 |
| Time Scales | |
| Simultaneities | |
| Events and Processes | |
| III | The Seeker | |
| 1. | The Perception and Conception of Children and Ideas | 72 |
| The Error of Misplaced Precision | |
| The Difficulty of Regressive Sharing | |
| Universes of Perception | |
| 2. | Three Modules of the Short-term Present | 76 |
| The Physiological Present in Man, and Its Structure | |
| The Creature Present of Animals | |
| The Psychological Present | |
| 3. | The Mental Present | 81 |
| ... Memory and Recall | |
| ... Language | |
| ... Permanence and Change | |
| ... Personal Identity | |
| 4. | Resolutions of Perceptual Conflicts | 91 |
| Part 2 | Images in Heaven and on Earth | |
| IV | The Roots of Time in the Physical World | |
| 1. | Aspects of Time and the Many | 97 |
| Probability | |
| Controlled Randomness | |
| Levels of Causation | |
| Atomicity, Continuity, and Uncertainty | |
| Thermodynamic Arrows of Time | |
| 2. | Aspects of Time and the One | 114 |
| From Absolute Rest to Absolute Motion | |
| The New Invariant | |
| Clocks and Proper Time | |
| The Astral Geometry of Causs | |
| Matter and Inertia | |
| The Largest Set of Objects | |
| 3. | The Living Symmetries of Physics | 137 |
| V | Time Contained: Cosmologies | |
| 1. | From Umwelts to the Idea of a Universe | 141 |
| 2. | Beginnings: from Chaos to Conflict | 144 |
| The Inner and the Outer Landscapes | |
| Shift to the Outer Landscape | |
| Cronus versus Faust | |
| 3. | The Long Present: How to Deal with Conflicts | 152 |
| Universal Cosmologies | |
| Cosmic Time as Geometry | |
| Time as History | |
| (1) | Origins | |
| (2) | Ideas of lawfulness | |
| (3) | Speculative perspectives | |
| (4) | Critical perspectives | |
| (5) | Epistemic hurdles | |
| 4. | Endings: Estimates of Death | 169 |
| Eternalistic Peace | |
| Apocalyptic Tension | |
| The Eschaton in Natural Philosophy | |
| VI | Time Extended: Life | |
| 1. | The Cyclic Order | 178 |
| The Physiological Clock | |
| Physiological Clocks and Their Zeitgebers | |
| Periodicity, Primitive Life, and Existential Tension | |
| (1) | A detour to pathology | |
| (2) | Unicellular organisms | |
| (3) | Improved bioclocks | |
| 2. | Aging and Death | 192 |
| Aging of Others | |
| Aging of the Self | |
| Death of Others | |
| Death and the Self | |
| Descent and Suffering | |
| Righteous Life and Sinister Death | |
| 3. | Organic Evolution | 208 |
| Life in the World at Large | |
| Time and the Origins of Life | |
| Levels of Causation, Uncertainty, and Undeterminacy | |
| The Dynamics of Adaptation | |
| Part 3 | The Mind of the Matter | |
| VII | The Organ of Time Sense | |
| 1. | The Advent of the Mind | 235 |
| Bodies, Minds, and Souls | |
| Philosophical Preferences | |
| (1) | Materialistic monism | |
| (2) | Idealistic monism | |
| (3) | Vitalistic monism | |
| (4) | Neutral monism | |
| (5) | Psychophysical dualism | |
| (6) | Biophysical dualism | |
| Neurological Preferences | |
| 2. | Mind as Expectation and Memory | 247 |
| Memories and Expectations Concerning Others | |
| Predictions Concerning the Self | |
| 3. | The Mind as Strategy | 257 |
| The Very Complex | |
| Conscious Experience and Free Will | |
| Prediction and Creativity | |
| 4. | The Mind as Communication | 271 |
| The Gift of Tongues | |
| The Mind in Its Many Settings | |
| VIII | Out of the Depths | |
| 1. | A Region of Functions between Life and Mind | 283 |
| 2. | The Devil of Vienna | 287 |
| 3. | The Sage of Kusnacht | 294 |
| 4. | The Evolution of Conscious Experience | 299 |
| Future, Past, and Present | |
| The Experience of Timelessnes | |
| The Origins of Being and Becoming | |
| 5. | Some Implications of the Deep Structure of Time | 313 |
| (1) | The beginning and end of time | |
| (2) | Atomicity versus continuity of time | |
| (3) | Motion and rest | |
| Part 4 | Collective Greatness | |
| IX | Epistemology and the True | |
| 1. | Epistemologies | 321 |
| Theories of Knowledge as Philosophy | |
| Theories of Knowledge as Biology, Psychology, or Sociology | |
| Knowledge, Truth, and Time | |
| 2. | Personality and Attitvides to Time | 331 |
| 3. | Personality and Preferred Ways of Knowing | 334 |
| Some Individual Preferences | |
| Collective Perceptions of Science as Truth | |
| (1) | Perspectives | |
| (2) | Divergences, East and West | |
| (3) | Psychological predispositions in the Christian West | |
| (4) | Theoretical predispositions | |
| (5) | The scientific method | |
| (6) | The integrative power and the limits of the scientific method | |
| 4. | A Psychological Aside Pertaining to the Structure of Knowledge | 350 |
| 5. | A Mathematical Aside Pertaining to the Structure of Knowledge | 356 |
| X | Religion, Politics, and the Good | |
| 1. | Simple Thoughts about a Difficult Subject | 361 |
| 2. | The Need for Guidance in Conduct | 364 |
| God and Devil in the Religious Vision | |
| Christianity, Progress, and the Good | |
| 3. | Good and Evil and the Political Vision | 373 |
| The Good of the Polis | |
| The Good of the Technopolis | |
| The Good of Life | |
| 4. | The Good, Emergence and War | 387 |
| Problems of Stagnation | |
| Problems of War | |
| 5. | Duty, Responsibility, and Temporality | 394 |
| XI | Arts, Letters, and the Beautiful | |
| 1. | From Imitation to Independence | 398 |
| 2. | Aesthetic Adventures | 401 |
| The Fine Arts | |
| Music | |
| Tragedy | |
| Poetry and the Novel | |
| The Film | |
| 3. | The Freedom of the Beautiful | 432 |
| XII | Time as Conflict | |
| 1. | Temporalities | 436 |
| 2. | Transcendences | 440 |
| 3. | Future and Past | 441 |
| 4. | The Strategy of Existence | 443 |
| Abbreviations for Works Frequently Quoted | 447 |
| Notes and References | 448 |
| Author Index | 509 |
| Subject Index | 517 |
