Table of Contents
Introduction ix
I.1 Bibliography xv
Chapter 1 Logistics Challenges 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Forward supply chain 2
1.2.1 Structure and actors 2
1.2.2 Flows 4
1.2.3 Design and management objectives 5
1.3 Higher, further, bigger 5
1.3.1 Suppliers throughout the world 6
1.3.2 International customers 7
1.3.3 More complex businesses 8
1.3.4 Transportation networks 11
1.4 Nothing is lost, nothing is created, everything goes somewhere 14
1.4.1 From suppliers to customers 14
1.4.2 Unit loads and packaging 16
1.4.3 "Adding insult to injury" 18
1.5 Nothing goes well anymore 19
1.5.1 Environmental concerns 19
1.5.2 Social concerns 21
1.5.3 Bad output management 23
1.5.4 Product design in a one-way direction 25
1.6 Conclusion 27
1.7 Bibliography 28
Chapter 1 Reverse Logistics Engineering 35
2.1 Introduction 35
2.2 Definition 36
2.2.1 Reverse distribution 36
2.2.2 Reverse logistics 36
2.3 Types of returns 38
2.4 Generic process 39
2.4.1 Gatekeeping stage 43
2.4.2 Collection stage 49
2.4.3 Sorting stage 54
2.4.4 Processing stage 56
2.5 Shipping or redistribution system 74
2.6 Information system 77
2.7 Coordinating 80
2.8 Performance measurement 83
2.9 Conclusion 86
2.10 Bibliography 87
Chapter 3 Ecodesign 89
3.1 Introduction 89
3.2 Sustainable development 91
3.2.1 Reducing climate changes 92
3.2.1.1 The 1992 convention 92
3.2.1.2 Kyoto Protocol 93
3.2.1.3 Vienna conference 93
3.2.2 Reducing and revalorizing waste 94
3.2.3 Controlling natural resource consumption 95
3.2.4 Implementing an environmental management system (EMS) 95
3.3 Ecodesign 96
3.3.1 Directives, norms, and principles 100
3.3.2 Implementation 101
3.3.3 Indicators 104
3.4 Ecodesign approach within companies 106
3.4.1 Corporate citizen 108
3.4.2 Implementation of the approach 109
3.5 Conclusion 124
3.6 Bibliography 125
Chapter 4 Value Loops 129
4.1 Network design and management integrating reverse logistics 133
4.1.1 General strategic decisions 134
4.1.1.1 Target markets 136
4.1.1.2 Networks 137
4.1.1.3 Products 139
4.1.1.4 Processes 140
4.1.2 Strategic, tactical, and operational decisions specific to the activities 141
4.1.2.1 Customer service 141
4.1.2.2 Collection and sorting 142
4.1.2.3 Processing 144
4.1.2.4 Redistribution 145
4.1.2.5 Material flows and stocks 146
4.2 Definition of the value 152
4.2.1 Extended supply of products and services 155
4.2.2 Marketing and customer service policy 161
4.2.3 Environmental, social, and economic values 163
4.2.4 Uncertainities 168
4.3 Monitoring and control of the value on the life cycle 172
4.3.1 Integrated information system and decision support system 174
4.3.2 Traceability tools 179
4.3.3 Performance indicators 181
4.4 Partnership 185
4.4.1 Partnership between and within logistics network 187
4.4.1.1 Partnership with consumers 190
4.4.2 Partnership with governmental and not-for-profit organizations 192
4.5 Conclusion 196
4.6 Bibliography 197
Conclusion 213
Index 215