Table of Contents
List of Illustrations xv
Preface xvii
Acknowledgements xix
Introduction xxi
I Anglo-Saxon beginnings: education in the service of Christianity 600-1066 1
II Early medieval: education a function of the church 1066-1300 12
The twelfth-century renaissance 12
Grammar schools and song schools 14
The rise of the universities 19
Monks and friars 25
The extent of literacy 27
III Later medieval: education within and without the church 1300-1530 36
Grammar schools 36
Oxford and Cambridge 45
The religious orders and education 56
The education of the parish clergy 60
Changes in popular education 62
Craft apprenticeship 66
The common lawyers 69
Aristocratic education 72
The diffusion of literacy 74
IV Social change and educational expansion 1530-1640 85
Religious and social developments bearing on education 85
The Reformation and education 89
Educational philanthropy 97
Village and town: the social matrix of education 101
The 'petties' and their teachers 104
The grammar schools in their heyday 109
The education of girls 115
Apprenticeship and technical training 116
Oxford and Cambridge in transition 119
Aristocratic education 126
Some illustrative educational careers 129
Social consequences of educational expansion 135
V Education during the puritan revolution 1640-1660 147
VI Education and society in pre-industrial England 1660-1780 158
The Restoration and education 158
The Restoration universities 162
Charity schools, grammar schools, academies and tutors 164
Locke on education 168
Educational recession in the eighteenth century 171
Schools for the poor 175
Teachers of the poor 183
Popular literacy 186
Grammar schools 189
The 'great schools' 192
Private tutors and private academies 196
Oxford and Cambridge 203
Science education 212
VII Education in a changing society 1780-1830 220
The momentum of change 220
The new educators 222
The extent of the problem 230
Schooling for the poor 232
The endowed schools and universities 244
Adults and literacy 252
II The state and voluntary effort 1830-1869 261
Committee of Council 261
Factories and voluntaryists 267
Statistics 270
Schools, teachers and children 274
The revised code 282
Social movements 286
Reforms and foundations 290
IX Education and social policy 1869-1900 308
An Act to provide for public elementary education 308
Literacy and attendance 318
Schools, codes and subjects 322
The grammar schools 329
Ladders 331
The education of girls 335
The public schools 338
Technical and university education 339
New departures 343
X Towards a unified system 1900-1938 358
The new century 358
The 1902 Education Act 361
Secondary education to 1918 366
Elementary education to 1918 371
The 1920s and 1930s 379
The new education 391
University, technical and adult education 395
XI Education and social ideals 1939-1972 409
The war and after 409
Secondary education and sociologists 416
Expansion and the 'affluent society' 420
The 1960s: inequalities and opportunities 425
The 1960s: secondary education 432
Educational priorities 441
Continuities 457
Select Bibliography 465
Index 470
