Anaximander, Heraclitus, Parmenides, Plotinus, Laotzu, Nagarjuna

by Karl Jaspers

Overview

Taken from the Great Philosphers, Volume II.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780156075008
Publisher:	HarperCollins
Publication date:	10/23/1974
Series:	Harvest Book Series
Edition description:	First Edition
Pages:	138
Product dimensions:	5.38(w) x 8.00(h) x (d)

Table of Contents

	An Axim Ander	3
	Heraclitus and Parmenides	9
	Heraclitus
1.	The logos	11
2.	Struggle, the salutary way	14
3.	Characterization	17
4.	Influence	17
	Parmendies
1.	Being	19
2.	The world of appearance	22
3.	The decision	23
4.	The insoluble difficulties	24
5.	Influence	25
	Comparison Between Heraclitus and Paramendies
1.	Their common situation	28
2.	The common new element in their thinking	28
3.	Agreement and opposition	29
4.	Pure thought	29
5.	Prophecy and will to power	30
6.	Historical appraisal	31
	Plotinus
I.	Life and works	32
II.	Description of the Plotinian "System"	34
A.	Matter and the One	34
B.	The scale of beings	35
C.	The categories	35
D.	Spirit, soul, nature	36
E.	Descent and ascent	37
III.	Transcending as a Whole	41
IV.	The Stages of Knowledge	45
V.	Speculative Transcending	50
1.	The categories	51
2.	Categorial transcending	52
3.	Transcending in images of the All	63
VI.	Fall and Resurgence	63
A.	Necessity and freedom	65
B.	Twofold guilt and twofold freedom	66
C.	Evil	67
D.	The two souls	68
E.	The twofold longing	69
F.	The situation of the soul in the world	70
G.	Philosophy is ascent to the One	71
VII.	Against Materialism and Gnosis	73
VIII.	Critical Characterization	77
A.	Contradictions	77
B.	Empirical knowledge and mythical conceptions	78
C.	The existential meaning	79
IX.	Historical Position and Influence	83
	Lao-Tzu
	Life and Works	87
I.	Exposition of Lao-tzu's Philosophy	88
1.	The Tao	88
2.	Tao and world	90
	Cosmogony and the process of the individual in the world	92
3.	Tao and the individual (ethics)	93
4.	Tao and government	101
II.	Characterization and Criticism	107
1.	The meaning of Lao-tzu	107
2.	Lao-tzu's successors	110
3.	Lao-tzu's historical position and limitations	113
	Nagarjuna
I.	The Operations of Thought	115
	Summary of the Doctrine	119
II.	The Meaning of the Doctrine	120
	Historical Comparisons	130
	Bibliography	133
	Index of Names	137