In a first approximation, certainly rough, one can define as non-crystalline materials those which are neither single-crystals nor poly-crystals. Within this category, we can included is ordered solids, soft condensed matter,andlivesystemsamong others. Contrary to crystals, non-crystalline materials have in common that their intrinsic structures cannot be exclusively described by a discrete and periodical function but by a continuous function with short range of order. Structurally these systems have in common the relevance of length scales between those defined by the atomic and the macroscopic scale. In a simple—fluid, for example, mobile molecules may freely exchange their positions, so that their new positions are permutations of their old ones. By contrast, in a complex—fluid large groups of molecules may be interc- nected so that the permutation freedom within the group is lost, while the p- mutation between the groups is possible. In this case, the dominant characteristic length, which may define the properties of the system, is not the molecular size but that of the groups. A central aspect of some non-crystalline materials is that they may self-organize. This is of particular importance for Soft-matter materials. Self-organization is characterized by the spontaneous creation of regular structures at different length scales which may exhibit a certain hierarchy that controls the properties of the system. X-ray scattering and diffraction have been for more than a hundred years an essential technique to characterize the structure of materials. Quite often scattering and diffraction phenomen a exhibited by non-crystalline material shave been referred to as non-crystalline diffraction.
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Applications of Synchrotron Light to Scattering and Diffraction in Materials and Life Sciences
In a first approximation, certainly rough, one can define as non-crystalline materials those which are neither single-crystals nor poly-crystals. Within this category, we can included is ordered solids, soft condensed matter,andlivesystemsamong others. Contrary to crystals, non-crystalline materials have in common that their intrinsic structures cannot be exclusively described by a discrete and periodical function but by a continuous function with short range of order. Structurally these systems have in common the relevance of length scales between those defined by the atomic and the macroscopic scale. In a simple—fluid, for example, mobile molecules may freely exchange their positions, so that their new positions are permutations of their old ones. By contrast, in a complex—fluid large groups of molecules may be interc- nected so that the permutation freedom within the group is lost, while the p- mutation between the groups is possible. In this case, the dominant characteristic length, which may define the properties of the system, is not the molecular size but that of the groups. A central aspect of some non-crystalline materials is that they may self-organize. This is of particular importance for Soft-matter materials. Self-organization is characterized by the spontaneous creation of regular structures at different length scales which may exhibit a certain hierarchy that controls the properties of the system. X-ray scattering and diffraction have been for more than a hundred years an essential technique to characterize the structure of materials. Quite often scattering and diffraction phenomen a exhibited by non-crystalline material shave been referred to as non-crystalline diffraction.
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Applications of Synchrotron Light to Scattering and Diffraction in Materials and Life Sciences
318
Applications of Synchrotron Light to Scattering and Diffraction in Materials and Life Sciences
318Paperback(Softcover reprint of hardcover 1st ed. 2009)
$54.99
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In Stock
Product Details
| ISBN-13: | 9783642101106 |
|---|---|
| Publisher: | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
| Publication date: | 10/22/2010 |
| Series: | Lecture Notes in Physics , #776 |
| Edition description: | Softcover reprint of hardcover 1st ed. 2009 |
| Pages: | 318 |
| Product dimensions: | 6.10(w) x 9.25(h) x (d) |
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