Table of Contents
1 Introduction 15
2 Scale Modelling in Architecture 21
2.1 A brief overview 23
2.2 The influence of digital media on the development of scale modelling 36
2.3 The importance of scale models for contemporary design 38
3 The Use of Scale Models in Architecture 41
3.1 The purpose of scale modeling 43
3.1.1 Exploration of the form 44
3.1.2 Presentation of constructed objects and their surroundings 47
3.1.3 Presentation of details and characteristics of objects 49
3.1.4 Selecting adequate planning strategies 50
3.1.5 Other purposes of scale modelling 52
3.2 Types of architectural scale models 57
3.2.1 Types of scale models according to their use 57
3.2.2 Types of scale models according to spatial levels 66
3.2.3 Type s of scale models according to structural systems 72
3.3 Scale 80
4 Modelling Tools and Materials 85
4.1 Modelling tools 87
4.2 Modelling kit 92
4.2.1 Basic kit 92
4.2.2 Accessories 101
4.3 Modelling materials 107
4.3.1 Sheet materials 107
4.3.2 Linear materials 111
4.3.3 Volumetric materials 113
4.3.4 Materials used to model amorphous shapes 114
4.3.5 "Smart" materials 115
4.3.6 Additional materials 119
4.4 Colour 120
5 Manufacturing Scale Models & Scale Model Components: Methods and Processes 123
5.1 Architectural design study 127
5.1.1 Final design study 127
5.1.2 Terrain modelling 128
5.1.3 Geometric shape analysis 132
5.2 Preparation of the components for fabrication 142
5.3 Cutting and finishing 146
5.3.1 Manufacturing planar components 146
5.4 Gluing the components 150
5.5 Assembly and final processing 151
5.6 Presentation of scale models 155
5.6.1 Transport 156
5.6.2 Lighting and other presentation media 157
5.6.3 Photographing scale models 158
6 Digital Technology Software Used for Architectural Modelling 161
6.1 Computer modelling software-an overview 164
6.1.1 Conceptual modelling software 165
6.1.2 Parametric modelling software 167
6.2 CNC digital fabrication 168
6.2.1 2D CNC technology in model making 175
6.2.2 Rapid prototyping and digital fabrication 177
6.2.3 Reverse engineering and digital fabrication 182
7 Tutorials 185
7.1 Folding structures 187
7.1.1 Folding techniques 189
7.1.2 Basic folding patterns 196
7.1.3 Diamond pattern (Yoshimura pattern) 196
7.1.4 Diagonal pattern 197
7.1.5 Miura-Ori pattern (Herringbone pattern) 198
7.1.6 Basic techniques 201
7.1.7 Grid generation analysis 204
7.2 Membrane structures 211
7.2.1 Design method and form-finding 213
7.3 Volumetric structures 219
7.3.1 3D ornament 222
7.3.2 Concrete moulds 224
7.4 Sectioning 235
7.4.1 Orthogonal sectioning 237
7.4.2 Sectioning with one-direction planes perpendicular to a surface 242
7.5 Geodesic lines 246
Index 254
Photo Credits 259
